drift

drift — verb

1. to move slowly in a direction that cannot be controlled, usually because of wind

1.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

to move slowly in a direction that cannot be controlled, usually because of wind, water, or a current — like a boat moving without its engine, or smoke spreading through the air

Example

The small fishing boat drifted towards the rocks after its engine stopped working.

drift + towards [destination]

Smoke from the campfire drifted across the field and into the trees.

drift + across [area]

Common collocations
  • drift towards
  • drift across
  • drift away from
  • drift slowly
  • drift gently
  • drift aimlessly
Synonyms
  • float

    stays on the surface of a liquid without sinking; may not involve movement

  • glide

    smooth, controlled movement that looks effortless

  • wander

    intentional movement without a fixed destination, used for people on foot

Antonyms
  • steer

    to control the direction of a vehicle or boat

  • anchor

    to stay in one place by dropping an anchor

Grammar Patterns

drift + prepositional phrase (direction)

drift + adverb

Usage Note

Subject is usually a physical object or substance (boat, cloud, smoke, leaf). The direction is always specified or implied through a prepositional phrase or adverb.

Common Mistakes

The boat drifted slowly on the lake' (if stationary, bobbing in place).
The boat drifted slowly across the lake.
'drift' implies movement from one place to another, not just floating in one spot.

2. a driving technique in which a car slides sideways through a bend on purpose, wi

2.verbintransitiveC1
Definition

a driving technique in which a car slides sideways through a bend on purpose, with the driver keeping full control even though the rear tyres have lost their grip on the road

Example

Takeshi drifted around the sharp corner at over 110 kilometres per hour.

drift + around [corner/bend]

The young driver learned to drift by practising on empty mountain roads.

Common collocations
  • drift around a corner
  • drift past
  • learn to drift
  • drift control
Synonyms
  • powerslide

    a similar technique using more engine power to break traction

  • skid

    uncontrolled sliding, not a deliberate technique

Grammar Patterns

drift + adverb of manner

drift + prepositional phrase

Usage Note

This sense belongs to motorsport vocabulary. Subject is always a driver or vehicle. The purpose is either competitive (racing) or stylistic (show).

Common Mistakes

The car drifted on the icy road' (for accidental loss of control).
The driver intentionally drifted around the corner during the race.
'drift' as a racing technique is deliberate, not accidental; use 'skid' or 'slide' for unintended loss of grip.

3. when snow, sand, or similar material is blown into a large heap by the wind; or

3.verbtransitive / intransitiveB2
Definition

when snow, sand, or similar material is blown into a large heap by the wind; or for the wind to pile such material up in a particular place

Example

Snow had drifted against the front door, so the family could not get out.

drift + against [structure]

The strong wind drifted the sand into tall dunes along the coastline.

passive: wind drifted [material] into [shape]

Common collocations
  • drifted against
  • drifted into piles
  • drifted snow
  • wind-drifted sand

Grammar Patterns

be drifted + prepositional phrase

drift + prepositional phrase (intransitive)

Usage Note

When used transitively, the subject is the wind or water, and the object is the material being piled. The intransitive use describes the material piling up on its own. Frequently found in weather reports and nature descriptions.

Common Mistakes

The children drifted the snow into a big pile.' (using a person as subject).
The wind drifted the snow against the fence.
the subject of transitive 'drift' is natural forces (wind, water), not people.
Phrasal verbs

drift apart

phrasal verb

If two people drift apart, their relationship slowly becomes less close over time.

Maya and her childhood friend drifted apart after moving to different cities.

Did you and your college roommate drift apart after graduation?

drift off

phrasal verb

To drift off means to gradually fall asleep, often without intending to.

During the long car ride, Aiden drifted off in the back seat.

Sara tried to stay awake but drifted off during the movie.

drift — noun

Word family

  • drifter
    nounB2
  • driftwood
    nounB2
  • snowdrift
    nounB2
  • adrift
    adjectiveC1
  • drifting
    adjectiveB2

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

Drift, float, glide, and wander all describe movement without a strong sense of pushing forward, but they differ in who or what controls the movement. Drift emphasises that an external force — wind, water, or a current — is doing the moving, and the person or object has little or no control. A boat that drifts has no working engine; smoke that drifts is carried by the breeze. Float describes staying on the surface of a liquid without sinking, but the subject may not be moving anywhere — a boat can float in place. Glide suggests smooth, effortless, and often controlled movement, like a bird or a skier moving without visible effort. Wander is always about a person or animal moving on foot without a fixed destination, and it implies choice: you wander because you want to, not because the wind pushes you. Compare: 'The paper boat drifted across the pond' (carried by the water) vs. 'The paper boat floated on the pond' (staying on the surface, not necessarily moving) vs. 'We wandered through the park' (on foot, by choice).

Common collocations

Phrases

  • drift in the wind
  • drift with the current
  • drift out to sea

Prepositions

Etymology

Old EnglishOld NorseMiddle EnglishEnglish

Drift comes from Old English 'drifan,' meaning 'to drive' or 'to push forward.' The original idea was that something is driven or carried along by an outside force such as wind or water. This physical meaning developed more than a thousand years ago and later gave rise to the metaphorical senses: if a conversation 'drifts,' it moves along without a clear direction, just like a boat on the water. The noun form 'drift' for a pile of snow came from the Old Norse word 'drift,' which described snow blown into heaps.