tell

tell — verb

1. to pass along facts or directions to someone through spoken words or written mes

1.verbtransitiveA1
Definition

to pass along facts or directions to someone through spoken words or written messages — for example, letting a friend know a shop is closed, or instructing a child to put on their shoes.

Example

Christopher told his mum that the bus was late this morning.

tell + object + that-clause

The teacher told the children to open their books to page ten.

tell + object + to-infinitive

Common collocations
  • tell someone something
  • tell someone that...
  • tell someone about...
  • tell someone to...
Synonyms
  • say

    does not require an indirect object — 'He said he was tired' works without 'me'

  • inform

    more formal, used in official or written contexts

  • notify

    formal and implies official or legal communication

Antonyms
  • listen

    the opposite action — receiving rather than giving information

Grammar Patterns

tell + object + that-clause

tell + object + to-infinitive

tell + object + about + noun phrase

tell + object + quoted speech

Usage Note

In this sense, 'tell' always needs the person you are speaking to as its first object. You cannot say 'tell something' without mentioning who is being told.

Common Mistakes

He told that he was tired.
He told me that he was tired.
'tell' needs an indirect object (the listener) before the that-clause.
She told to him the news.
She told him the news.
no preposition 'to' before the listener.

2. to say something that you know is not true, especially in order to avoid trouble

2.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

to say something that you know is not true, especially in order to avoid trouble or to make someone believe something false.

Example

Camila told her parents a lie about finishing her homework.

tell + a lie (fixed collocation)

Jude told his teacher a dog had chewed his homework on the way to school.

Common collocations
  • tell a lie
  • tell lies
  • tell someone a lie
Synonyms
  • lie

    more direct and commonly used — 'She lied about her age'

  • make up

    informal, implies inventing something that is not true

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

tell + a lie

tell + object + that-clause (untrue)

tell + lies

Usage Note

Commonly used with the fixed object 'a lie' or 'lies'. Unlike 'lie' (the verb), 'tell a lie' always focuses on the act of speaking falsely rather than on the state of being dishonest.

Common Mistakes

She told me a lie story.
She told me a lie.
'lie' itself means a false statement; 'a lie story' is redundant.
He told his mom lie.
He told his mom a lie.
the article 'a' is required.

3. to reveal the complete truth about something to someone, especially after keepin

3.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

to reveal the complete truth about something to someone, especially after keeping it hidden or not being fully open.

Example

Reuben told his wife the truth about losing his wallet at work.

tell + object + the truth

After two hours of questioning, the man told the police everything.

tell + object + everything (full disclosure)

Common collocations
  • tell the truth
  • tell everything
  • tell the whole story
Synonyms
  • confess

    stronger — usually to a crime or serious wrongdoing

  • come clean

    informal, means to finally admit everything

Antonyms
  • conceal

    to hide the truth on purpose

  • lie

    the opposite of telling the truth

Grammar Patterns

tell + object + the truth

tell + object + everything

tell + object + the whole story

Usage Note

Frequently used with 'the truth', 'everything', or 'the whole story' as the direct object. The listener is often someone in authority — a parent, a police officer, or a judge.

Common Mistakes

I tell you the true.
I tell you the truth.
'truth' is a noun; 'true' is an adjective.
He told true to the police.
He told the truth to the police.
the fixed expression is 'tell the truth', not 'tell true'.

4. When a child reports another child's wrongdoing to an adult like a parent or tea

4.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

When a child reports another child's wrongdoing to an adult like a parent or teacher, hoping the other child will be scolded or punished.

Example

Sana ran to tell the teacher a boy threw sand on the playground at recess.

Nellie ran to tell on her brother for taking an extra biscuit.

phrasal: tell on + person

Common collocations
  • tell on someone
  • tell tales
  • stop telling tales
Synonyms
  • tattle

    informal, very common in US children's language

  • rat on

    slang, more aggressive in tone

Antonyms
  • cover up

    to hide someone's bad behaviour instead of reporting it

Grammar Patterns

tell tales

tell on + person

Usage Note

This sense is most common in school and family settings. The phrasal verb 'tell on' has the same meaning: 'tell on someone' means to report their bad behaviour.

Common Mistakes

He told me on his brother.
He told on his brother.
'tell on' does not take a separate indirect object.

5. to say what you really think or feel, without hiding your opinion or choosing yo

5.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

to say what you really think or feel, without hiding your opinion or choosing your words to avoid upsetting someone.

Example

Romi told her boss honestly that the plan needed more work.

tell + object + honestly (manner adverb)

Kevin told his friend directly that he did not agree with him.

Common collocations
  • tell someone honestly
  • tell someone directly
  • tell someone what/how
Synonyms
  • speak one's mind

    idiom meaning to express opinions directly and without fear

  • be blunt

    implies being so direct that it may seem rude

Antonyms
  • hold back

    to avoid saying what you really think

Grammar Patterns

tell + someone + what/how + clause

tell + possessive + thoughts/feelings

Usage Note

Distinguish from sense 3 (CONFESS): sense 3 is about revealing hidden facts, while sense 5 is about expressing an honest opinion or feeling directly, without softening it.

Common Mistakes

I told honestly.
I told him honestly what I thought.
'tell' without an object sounds incomplete; include the listener or the topic.

6. used before a statement to show that you are about to say something honest, ofte

6.verbB1
Definition

used before a statement to show that you are about to say something honest, often a personal opinion or an admission that is a little uncomfortable or surprising.

Example

To be honest, Ilan did not really enjoy the concert last night.

discourse marker: To be honest, + clause

To tell you the truth, Ritu found the movie quite boring.

discourse marker: To tell you the truth, + clause

Common collocations
  • to be honest
  • to tell you the truth
  • truth be told
Synonyms
  • honestly

    adverb used the same way — 'Honestly, I don't care'

  • frankly

    similar to 'to be honest' but slightly more formal

Grammar Patterns

To be honest, + clause

To tell you the truth, + clause

I must be honest, + clause

Usage Note

This sense is a discourse marker — it does not describe the act of telling, but rather signals the speaker's attitude. It is almost always used in spoken or informal written English, usually at the start of a sentence.

Common Mistakes

To be honest, I'm not.' (when asked 'Are you tired?')
To be honest, yes, I am tired.
'to be honest' needs a complete clause after it.

7. to know with certainty that something is true or has a particular quality, based

7.verbtransitive / intransitiveB2
Definition

to know with certainty that something is true or has a particular quality, based on what you see, hear, or notice

Example

Nadia could tell that someone had been in her room by the open drawer.

tell + (that)-clause for certainty

Niran could not tell if the cake was baked just by looking at the top.

tell + if/whether clause

Common collocations
  • easily tell
  • hard to tell
  • impossible to tell
  • tell from
Synonyms
  • discern

    more formal, suggests careful observation

  • determine

    more formal, focuses on reaching a conclusion

  • judge

    emphasises making an assessment based on available facts

Antonyms
  • doubt

    to be uncertain about something

Grammar Patterns

tell + (that)-clause

tell + if/whether + clause

can/could tell + noun phrase

Usage Note

Often used with 'can' or 'could' to express the ability to know something with confidence from available evidence.

Common Mistakes

I can say he is lying.' (when observing clues)
I can tell he is lying.
'say' reports speech; 'tell' means you know from observation.
She said the truth.
She told the truth.
'tell the truth' is a fixed collocation with 'tell', not 'say'.

8. when an object, sign, or situation makes a fact clear to you without using spoke

8.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

when an object, sign, or situation makes a fact clear to you without using spoken or written words

Example

The thermometer in the car told them the temperature had dropped below zero.

device tells + (that)-clause

Her tired eyes told Christopher he had not slept well the night before.

body language tells + (that)-clause

Common collocations
  • something tells someone
  • data tells
  • results tell
  • expression tells
Synonyms
  • indicate

    more formal, used in technical or scientific contexts

  • show

    broader, works for both people and evidence

  • reveal

    suggests making something hidden known

Antonyms
  • hide

    to keep information from being known

Grammar Patterns

something tells someone + (that)-clause

Usage Note

The subject is a thing, situation, or piece of evidence — never a person. The indirect object is the person receiving the information.

Common Mistakes

His mother told him the dinner was ready.' (person speaking)
His tired body told him he needed rest.
This sense is only for non-person subjects that give information indirectly.

9. to see or notice how two or more things or people are different from each other

9.verbtransitiveC1
Definition

to see or notice how two or more things or people are different from each other

Example

The twin sisters look so alike that even their classmates cannot tell them apart.

tell + [persons] + apart

Can you tell the difference between real leather and the kind made from plastic?

tell + the difference + between

Common collocations
  • tell apart
  • tell the difference
  • tell X from Y
  • cannot tell
  • hard to tell
Synonyms
  • distinguish

    more formal, commonly used in academic writing

  • differentiate

    formal, focuses on identifying what makes things distinct

Antonyms
  • confuse

    to mistakenly think two things are the same

Grammar Patterns

tell + the difference + between + X + and + Y

tell + X + from + Y

tell + X + and + Y + apart

Usage Note

Almost always used with 'can', 'could', or 'be able to'. Often appears in negative constructions ('cannot tell') to emphasise that two things are very similar.

Common Mistakes

I cannot say the difference.
I cannot tell the difference.
'tell the difference' is a fixed phrase, not 'say the difference.'

10. to claim to know or describe what will happen to someone in the future, often as

10.verbtransitive
Definition

to claim to know or describe what will happen to someone in the future, often as a paid service using methods such as cards, palm reading, or astrology

Example

A woman at the night market offered to tell Camille's fortune for just five dollars.

tell + someone's fortune

Rachid visited a fortune-teller who told him he would meet someone special within a year.

fortune-teller + tell + (that)-clause about future

Common collocations
  • tell fortunes
  • tell someone's fortune
  • tell the future
  • fortune-teller
Synonyms
  • predict

    broader, not limited to fortune-telling; can be based on data

  • prophesy

    more formal or religious, suggests divine inspiration

Grammar Patterns

tell + someone's fortune

tell + fortunes

tell + the future

Usage Note

Typically used with 'fortune', 'fortunes', or 'future' as the object. The person who does this is a 'fortune-teller'.

11. to understand what time it is by looking at the hands or numbers on a clock, wat

11.verbtransitive
Definition

to understand what time it is by looking at the hands or numbers on a clock, watch, or other timekeeping device

Example

By the age of five, most children can learn to tell the time from a clock.

tell + the time (basic pattern)

The classroom clock was broken, so Sumin could not tell what time it was until the bell rang.

tell + what time + clause

Common collocations
  • tell the time
  • tell what time
  • learn to tell time
  • can tell time
Synonyms
  • read

    also used for clocks: 'read a clock'

Grammar Patterns

tell + the time

Usage Note

The object is almost always 'the time'. Can be used with a question-word clause ('tell what time it is'). Also used as 'tell the time' (British) — American English uses 'tell time' without 'the'.

Common Mistakes

My son can say the time.
My son can tell the time.
'tell the time' is a fixed collocation; 'say the time' is unnatural.

12. a fixed expression meaning that the facts about a situation cannot be known or p

12.verb
Definition

a fixed expression meaning that the facts about a situation cannot be known or predicted with confidence — whether about the past, the present, or the future

Example

There is no telling what the weather will be like during the mountain hike next week.

There is no telling + what-clause

If she does not answer her phone soon, there is no telling where she could be right now.

Common collocations
  • there is no telling
  • there's no telling
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

There is no telling + question-word clause

Usage Note

A fixed expression always beginning with 'there is no telling'. Unlike other senses of 'tell', this cannot be used with a personal subject. Frequently followed by a question word (what, where, how, when).

Common Mistakes

There is no saying what will happen.' (possible but less idiomatic)
There is no telling what will happen.
'there is no telling' is the standard fixed expression for this meaning.

13. a fixed phrase used to say that the future or the result of something is impossi

13.verbB1
Definition

a fixed phrase used to say that the future or the result of something is impossible to predict, so you should not assume you know what will happen

Example

Joshua packed both a jacket and a T-shirt, because you never can tell what the weather will do.

you never can tell + what-clause

The market looked quiet, but you never can tell how many shoppers might appear later on.

Common collocations
  • you never can tell
  • you can never tell
  • never can tell
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

you never can tell + (wh-)clause

you can never tell + (wh-)clause

Usage Note

Always appears in the fixed negative expression 'you never can tell' or 'you can never tell'. Unlike sense 12 (there is no telling), this phrase uses a personal subject 'you' and cannot begin with 'there is'. Typically followed by a wh-clause (what, how, which, when, where).

Common Mistakes

You can never tell.' (stopping after 'tell')
You can never tell what will happen next.
the phrase usually continues with a wh-clause that shows what you cannot predict.
There is never telling what he will do.
You never can tell what he will do.
mixing this expression with the 'there is no telling' pattern is wrong.

14. to gradually cause harm or weakness to someone or something, especially over a l

14.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

to gradually cause harm or weakness to someone or something, especially over a long period of time — for example, how a stressful job can make a person exhausted or how poor eating habits can damage your health

Example

The long night shifts finally began to tell on Baraka's health after six months.

tell on + [person]'s health

Years spent sitting at a desk can tell on your lower back and neck.

Common collocations
  • tell on health
  • tell on energy
  • tell on concentration
  • tell on nerves
  • begin to tell on
  • start to tell on
Synonyms
  • take a toll on

    slightly more formal, very common in American and British English

  • wear down

    emphasises the gradual loss of strength or resistance

  • affect

    more neutral; does not imply a negative or gradual effect

Antonyms
  • strengthen

    the opposite — making someone or something stronger

Grammar Patterns

tell on + noun phrase

Usage Note

Always followed by 'on + noun phrase'. The subject is typically a situation (stress, overwork, noise) rather than a person. This sense is almost never used in the simple present — common tenses are present continuous ('is telling on'), future ('will tell on'), or with 'begin to' / 'start to'.

Common Mistakes

The stress tells him.
The stress is telling on him.
two errors: missing 'on' and using simple present instead of a progressive form.
All the work is telling to him.
All the work is telling on him.
the preposition is always 'on', never 'to'.
Phrasal verbs

tell against

phrasal verb

To be a disadvantage or have a negative effect on someone or something.

His lack of experience told against him in the interview.

The poor weather told against the team's performance.

tell of

phrasal verb

To describe or give an account of something.

The old man told of his adventures at sea.

Her eyes tell of a deep sadness.

tell off

phrasal verb

To speak angrily to someone because they have done something wrong.

The teacher told off the students for being late.

My mom told me off for not cleaning my room.

tell on

phrasal verb

To inform an authority about someone's misbehavior.

If you do that again, I'll tell on you.

She told on her brother for stealing cookies.

Idioms

Including everyone or everything that has been counted.

There are 52 people coming, all told.

All told, the project cost over a million dollars.

Used to say that you already know or can guess what someone is going to say, especially because it is typical of them.

Don't tell me you forgot your keys again!

Don't tell me she quit her job—she just started.

To learn about something through conversation or rumor.

I've often heard tell of such things.

Have you ever heard tell of that old legend?

Used to reveal the true facts about a situation, especially when others do not know them.

If the truth be known, I was afraid to tell anyone.

If truth be told, she never liked the gift.

Used to correct something you have just said that is not true or accurate.

We first met in 2006, no, I tell a lie, it was 2007.

I paid $50—I tell a lie, it was $60.

Used to introduce a suggestion or idea.

I'll tell you what—let's stay in instead.

I tell you what, why don't we ask Tom for help?

Used when something bad happens to remind someone that you warned them and they did not listen.

I told you so, but you wouldn't listen.

When the car broke down, she said, 'I told you.'

To publicly reveal details of a past romantic relationship with a famous person, often for money.

The actress accused him of kiss and tell.

He wrote a kiss-and-tell book about his celebrity ex.

Used to say that you heard something from someone but you do not want to reveal who.

A little bird told me it's your birthday today.

How did you know? A little bird told me.

To survive a dangerous or difficult experience and be able to describe it.

He survived the crash and lived to tell the tale.

Few climbers live to tell the tale of that mountain.

To provide information that contradicts what is expected or previously stated.

The data, however, tell a different story.

Her smile tells a different tale from her words.

tell me

idiom

Used to begin a question or request for information.

Tell me, have you had lunch yet?

Tell me, what do you think of the plan?

Used to express that you understand and have had the same experience as the speaker.

‘I get so annoyed with Steve!’ ‘Tell me about it.’

‘This traffic is terrible.’ ‘Tell me about it.’

Used to show that you do not believe what someone has just said.

‘I won the lottery!’ ‘Tell me another!’

He said he was late because of a UFO. Tell me another!

To be self-explanatory without needing further comment.

Her face told its own story.

The empty fridge tells its own tale.

To share or know useful, interesting, or surprising information about someone or something.

After winning several Oscars, Nick Park can tell you a thing or two about making animated films.

My grandmother knows a thing or two about gardening.

To read the time from a clock or watch.

She's only five—she hasn't learnt to tell the time yet.

Can your son tell the time now?

It is impossible to know what happened or will happen.

There's no telling how they'll react.

There's no telling what he might do next.

The result of a situation will only become clear after some time has passed.

Only time will tell if the treatment has been successful.

Time will tell whether the new policy works.

Used when admitting something honestly.

To tell the truth, I fell asleep in the middle of her talk.

To tell you the truth, I don't like spicy food.

You can never be sure because things are not always as they seem.

You can never tell what the weather will be like.

He might be friendly—you never can tell.

Used to express strong agreement with what someone has said.

‘This is hard work.’ ‘You're telling me!’

‘The traffic is awful.’ ‘You're telling me!’

tell — noun

Word family

  • teller
    nounB1
  • retell
    verbB2
  • telltale
    adjectiveB2
  • telltale
    nounB2
  • untold
    adjectiveB2
  • foretell
    verbC1
  • telling
    adjectiveC1
  • tell-all
    nounC1

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

Say, speak, talk, and narrate all involve using words, but they have different grammar patterns and scope. Say is the most neutral and flexible — you say words or say a sentence, but you do not need a listener object ("He said he was tired"). Tell always requires the listener as an object ("He told me he was tired") and is used for giving information, instructions, or stories. Speak often focuses on the ability or act of using language itself ("She speaks three languages"), while talk emphasises an exchange or conversation between two or more people ("They talked for an hour"). Narrate is more formal and describes the act of telling a story in detail, often in a structured or literary way ("She narrated her journey through the Amazon"). To choose: use tell when you have a listener in mind and you are passing along facts, instructions, or a story; use say when you are reporting words without focusing on the listener; use speak for language ability or formal address; use talk for casual conversation; and use narrate for a careful, detailed account.

sayspeaktalknarrate

Common collocations

Nouns

  • tell a story
  • tell the truth
  • tell a lie
  • tell the time
  • tell the difference
  • tell a tale
  • tell fortunes

Adverbs

  • clearly tell
  • honestly tell
  • easily tell
  • exactly tell
  • hardly tell
  • immediately tell

Phrases

  • tell me about it
  • tell you the truth
  • you never can tell
  • there is no telling
  • tell someone what to do
  • tell someone off

Prepositions

Etymology

Proto-GermanicOld EnglishMiddle EnglishEnglish

The verb "tell" comes from Old English tellan, which originally meant "to count" or "to calculate" — the same root as the modern word "tally." This counting origin is still visible in phrases like "tell time" (count the hours) and "tell apart" (count the differences). By the early medieval period, tellan had also taken on the meaning "to narrate, to relate in speech," which became its most common sense. It traces back to Proto-Germanic *taljaną (to count, to tell), related to *talą (number, speech). Cognates include Old Saxon tellian, Old High German zellen, Old Norse telja, and modern German erzählen (to tell a story).