single

single — adjective

1. only one, especially when the number matters or when emphasising that nothing el

1.adjectiveB2
Definition

only one, especially when the number matters or when emphasising that nothing else is involved.

Example

Asher did not make a single mistake in his maths test today.

negative construction: 'not a single + noun' for emphasis

The Watanabe family spent every single weekend at the same beach near Sendai.

'every single + noun' for emphasis

Common collocations
  • not a single
  • every single
  • a single word
  • a single person
  • a single day
  • single most
Synonyms
  • one

    neutral, less emphatic than 'single'

  • sole

    more formal, used before nouns like 'purpose' or 'reason'

  • only

    focuses on exclusivity, e.g. 'the only copy'

  • lone

    more literary, implies isolation

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

single + noun

Usage Note

Frequently used in negative and emphatic contexts: 'not a single…', 'every single…'. Compare with the determiner 'a' — 'single' adds emphasis that the number one really matters. Distinguish from sense 3 (SEPARATE): this sense focuses on counting one, not on viewing something as an individual unit.

Common Mistakes

I ate a single apple, not two.
I ate only one apple.' or 'I ate a single apple (for emphasis).
'a single' is correct for emphasis, but plain 'one' is more natural in neutral counting.

2. having no husband, wife, or romantic partner.

2.adjectiveA2
Definition

having no husband, wife, or romantic partner.

Example

Sophia has been single since she moved to Tokyo for graduate school.

collocation: 'be single'

Caio enjoys being single because he can focus on his photography work.

Common collocations
  • be single
  • single person
  • single parent
  • single mother
  • single father
  • single life
  • stay single
  • single and ready to mingle
Synonyms
  • unmarried

    more formal, strictly about legal marital status

  • unattached

    informal, not in a relationship without implying never married

  • available

    informal, implies openness to dating

Antonyms
  • married

    the direct opposite in legal terms

  • attached

    informal, in a romantic relationship

  • taken

    informal, already in a relationship

Grammar Patterns

be single

a single person

Usage Note

This is the most common everyday meaning of 'single'. For people who have never married, use 'never-married' for precision; 'single' covers both never-married and divorced people who are not currently in a relationship. Can also be used as a noun in the plural: 'singles' (see noun sense 5).

Common Mistakes

I'm single with no kids.
I'm single and have no children.
'single with no kids' is acceptable in informal speech but avoid in writing; 'single' alone covers the relationship status.

3. viewed or treated as one distinct unit among several, rather than grouped togeth

3.adjectiveB1
Definition

viewed or treated as one distinct unit among several, rather than grouped together with others.

Example

The teacher checked each single answer on every student's exam paper.

'each single + noun' for individual attention

Sirin recorded every single expense in her notebook for the whole trip.

Common collocations
  • each single
  • every single
  • single item
  • single detail
  • single component
Synonyms
  • individual

    the most common neutral alternative, works in any context

  • separate

    emphasises being apart from others

  • distinct

    formal, stresses clear differences between items

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

each single + noun

every single + noun

Usage Note

Often paired with 'each' or 'every' to stress that every individual member of a group matters separately. Distinguish from sense 1 (ONE): sense 1 counts 'just one' in total, while sense 3 singles out each item in a larger set. Distinguish from sense 4 (SINGLE-SIZE): sense 4 says something is designed for use by one person, not that it is being considered separately.

4. meant for a person on their own, such as a bed or room that fits just one occupa

4.adjectiveB1
Definition

meant for a person on their own, such as a bed or room that fits just one occupant.

Example

The hotel room had a single bed against the wall and a desk by the window.

collocation: 'single bed'

Ryo booked a single room at the inn near the train station for the night.

collocation: 'single room'

Common collocations
  • single bed
  • single room
  • single portion
  • single serving
  • single seat
Synonyms
Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

single + bed / room / portion

Usage Note

Only used before nouns describing items that come in different sizes for different numbers of people (beds, rooms, seats, servings). For 'single room' this is also a countable noun (see noun sense 7). Not to be confused with sense 3 (SEPARATE): a 'single bed' is a bed for one person, not a bed that is being considered on its own.

Common Mistakes

I need a single ticket for one person.
I need a single ticket' (this is the ticket type) or 'I need one ticket.
'single ticket' already means one-way ticket (British) or one admission; it does not usually mean 'for one person'.
Idioms

Seeing or understanding something very quickly, with just one quick look.

Mia could tell at a glance that the cake was burnt.

At a single glance, the doctor knew the patient was in pain.

Completing something in one attempt, without stopping or dividing it.

Diego finished the entire puzzle in a single go.

Can you read the whole book at one go?

Moving in a line, with each person or thing directly behind the one in front.

The children walked in single file to the library.

Hikers should stay in single file on the narrow trail.

single — verb

single — noun

Word family

  • singly
    adverbC1
  • singular
    adjectiveB2
  • singularity
    nounC2
  • single out
    phrasal verbB2

Synonym discussion

Sense: adjective/2

All four describe someone not in a romantic relationship, but they differ in tone and focus. 'Single' is the everyday, neutral word — it covers anyone not married or not in a relationship, whether by choice or circumstance, as in 'She has been single for years and loves it.' 'Unmarried' is more formal and strictly about legal marital status: a divorced person is unmarried, but might not call themselves single if they are dating someone. 'Unattached' is informal and suggests freedom from any romantic ties, often used in dating contexts: 'He arrived at the party unattached and left with a date.' 'Available' is the most informal and implies openness to starting a relationship: 'She told her friend she was available now.'

Common collocations

Phrases

  • every single
  • not a single
  • single or return
  • single and ready to mingle
  • single file

Prepositions

  • single for (a period of time)
  • single by (choice)
  • single on (a dating app)
  • single with (a child/children)

Etymology

LatinOld FrenchMiddle EnglishEnglish

From Middle English 'sengle', borrowed through Old French 'sengle, single' from Latin 'singulus', meaning 'one alone, separate, individual'. The Latin 'singulus' is related to 'simul' (together) and 'semel' (once), suggesting the original idea of 'one by one' or 'each one separately'. The meaning 'unmarried' developed in the 1300s, based on the idea of being 'alone' or 'without a partner'. The sports senses (baseball, cricket, tennis) emerged in the 1800s as the word extended from 'one person' to 'one base', 'one run', and 'one player per side'.