hold

hold — verb

1. to grip something using your fingers and palm so that it stays where it is and d

1.verbtransitiveA2
Definition

to grip something using your fingers and palm so that it stays where it is and does not fall or get taken away

Example

The toddler held his mother's hand tightly while crossing the street.

hold + body part for security

Can you hold this bag for me while I look for my keys?

Common collocations
  • hold + object
  • hold + hand
  • hold + bag
  • hold + tightly
Synonyms
  • grip

    suggests holding more tightly, with greater force

  • clutch

    implies holding suddenly or desperately, often out of fear or need

  • grasp

    focuses on taking hold firmly, sometimes used figuratively too

Antonyms
  • release

    to let go of something you were holding

  • drop

    to let something fall, often by accident

Grammar Patterns

hold + object

Usage Note

This sense focuses on the physical act of grasping or keeping something in the hand. It differs from sense 2 (SUPPORT WEIGHT), which is about bearing the weight of a person or object from below.

Common Mistakes

I held the box on my head.
I balanced the box on my head.
'hold' means with your hands, not other body parts.

2. to bear the load of someone or something from underneath, keeping them upright a

2.verbtransitiveB1
Definition

to bear the load of someone or something from underneath, keeping them upright and preventing them from falling

Example

Four thick pillars hold the roof of the old temple.

subject = structure that bears weight

Ilan held the ladder steady while his sister climbed up to the attic.

Common collocations
  • hold + weight
  • hold + up
  • hold + steady
  • hold + roof
  • hold + ladder
Synonyms
  • support

    slightly more formal; can be used for both physical and emotional help

  • bear

    more formal, often used for heavy loads or responsibility

  • carry

    implies moving while bearing weight, not just keeping in position

Antonyms
  • drop

    to let something fall

  • collapse

    to fall down because unable to bear weight

Grammar Patterns

hold + object

hold + up + object

Usage Note

Common with subjects referring to structures, furniture, or body parts that bear pressure from below. Not used for hanging or suspending (use 'support' or 'suspend' instead).

Common Mistakes

This hook holds the coat from the ceiling.
This hook supports the coat from the ceiling.
'hold' typically means bearing weight from below, not suspending.

3. if a pair of people hold hands, each person grasps the other hand in their own,

3.verbA2
Definition

if a pair of people hold hands, each person grasps the other hand in their own, often to express that they care for one another or to feel safe together

Example

The elderly couple held hands as they walked slowly through the park.

hold hands as a sign of affection

Sahil reached out and held her hand during the scary movie.

Common collocations
  • hold hands
  • hold + hand
  • hold + one another's hands
Synonyms
  • clasp hands

    more formal, often used in ceremonial or dramatic contexts

Grammar Patterns

hold hands

hold + possessive + hand

Usage Note

The phrase 'hold hands' (no article before 'hands') is a fixed expression describing mutual action. 'Hold someone's hand' is one-directional — only one person does the holding.

Common Mistakes

They held their hand.
They held hands.
when both people hold each other's hands, use the plural fixed phrase 'hold hands' without a possessive.

4. to provide enough interior room for a given number of people or a given amount o

4.verbtransitiveB1
Definition

to provide enough interior room for a given number of people or a given amount of things

Example

This suitcase is small but it can hold enough clothes for a week.

hold + enough + noun for a period

The newly built sports stadium holds fifty thousand cheering fans.

Common collocations
  • hold + people
  • hold + litres/millilitres
  • hold + passengers
  • hold + capacity
Synonyms
  • contain

    more formal; focuses on what is inside rather than capacity

  • accommodate

    specifically for people; suggests comfort and suitability

  • take

    informal; 'the boot takes three suitcases'

Grammar Patterns

hold + quantity

hold + number of people/things

Usage Note

Not used in continuous tenses ('is holding' as 'containing' is incorrect in standard English). Often used with 'can' to express capacity.

Common Mistakes

The box is holding ten apples.
The box holds ten apples.
do not use the continuous form for this sense; use simple present.

5. when speaking about what is to come, hold means that a future time or situation

5.verbtransitiveB1
Definition

when speaking about what is to come, hold means that a future time or situation contains something that will take place or be encountered

Example

Nobody knows what the future holds for us.

what the future holds for [someone]

Lucía wondered what her new job would hold for her.

Common collocations
  • future holds
  • life holds
  • year holds
  • what + noun + holds + for
Synonyms
  • bring

    more general and informal; 'next year will bring new opportunities'

  • offer

    suggests positive possibilities; 'the future offers many paths'

Grammar Patterns

hold + for + someone

what + noun + holds

Usage Note

Almost always used with abstract subjects such as 'future', 'year', 'life', 'journey'. The object is typically something unknown or not yet revealed. Cannot be used with a concrete, specific time in the past (*'last Tuesday held a meeting').

Common Mistakes

Next week holds a party for my sister.
Next week there will be a party for my sister.
'hold' in this sense sounds unnatural with specific planned events; use it for broader, less certain outcomes.

6. to contain a certain trait, feature, or degree of worth inside itself — for inst

6.verbtransitiveB1
Definition

to contain a certain trait, feature, or degree of worth inside itself — for instance, an idea that holds appeal, a role that holds potential, or a place that holds importance for someone

Example

The idea of living abroad holds a strong appeal for many young people.

holds + appeal for [someone]

This old house holds great sentimental value for the family.

Common collocations
  • hold + appeal
  • hold + value
  • hold + promise
  • hold + significance
  • hold + meaning
Synonyms
  • have

    more general, works for both concrete and abstract qualities

  • possess

    more formal, often used in writing

  • offer

    suggests potential benefit; 'the plan offers many advantages'

Antonyms
  • lack

    to not have a quality

Grammar Patterns

hold + abstract noun

hold + appeal/attraction/value

Usage Note

The subject is usually an abstract thing (idea, plan, object) and the object is an abstract quality (appeal, value, promise, significance). Not used with concrete qualities like colour or size.

Common Mistakes

This book holds a red cover.
This book has a red cover.
'hold' is not used for concrete physical features like colour or size.

7. to own or keep control of something important or valuable, such as an official p

7.verbtransitiveC1
Definition

to own or keep control of something important or valuable, such as an official position, a large amount of money, an academic qualification, a sports record, or a piece of land under your command.

Example

Sana holds a degree in chemistry from the National University of Singapore.

hold + academic qualification

The company holds the rights to sell the medicine in Southeast Asia.

hold + legal rights/permit

Common collocations
  • hold a position
  • hold a record
  • hold a degree
  • hold territory
  • hold office
  • hold the fort
Synonyms
  • possess

    more formal; focuses on legal ownership rather than control

  • occupy

    suggests physical presence in a place or role

  • command

    stronger authority; often used for military or leadership roles

Antonyms
  • lose

    the opposite of keeping control or possession

  • surrender

    giving up control, especially in a conflict

Grammar Patterns

hold + noun phrase (position/territory/qualification/record)

Usage Note

Frequently used with nouns that indicate status, authority, or territory — such as position, office, degree, record, land, or rights. The defensive meaning ('hold the fort / hold territory') is common in military and sports contexts.

Common Mistakes

She held a headache all day.
She had a headache all day.
hold is used for things you control or possess, not for physical pain or illness.
He holds a problem at work.
He holds a senior position at work.
hold does not mean 'experience' or 'deal with'; it means 'possess or control.'

8. to be in a particular position within a race, contest, or ranking list.

8.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to be in a particular position within a race, contest, or ranking list.

Example

Eve holds second place in the national chess tournament this year.

hold + rank/place in competition

New Zealand now holds the top spot in the world rugby rankings.

Common collocations
  • hold first place
  • hold the lead
  • hold a position
  • hold the top spot
  • hold the number one spot
Synonyms
  • occupy

    more formal; emphasises being in a particular spot on a list

  • be in

    simpler alternative; less formal and more common in speech

Grammar Patterns

hold + (the/NOUN) + rank/position + in/of + competition

Usage Note

Always used with a number or rank word (first, second, top, third) and a named competition, ranking, or domain. The structure is 'hold + (the) + rank + in/of + competition.'

Common Mistakes

The singer holds the crowd's attention.
The singer holds first place in the charts.
this sense is about competition rankings, not about attracting interest.

9. to set something aside or keep it available for yourself or someone else to use

9.verbtransitiveC1
Definition

to set something aside or keep it available for yourself or someone else to use later, especially when there is a risk of losing it if you do not act.

Example

Hannah asked the front desk to hold her room until Friday evening.

hold + reservation for someone

Could you hold a copy of the report for me while I am away?

hold + something + for + someone

Common collocations
  • hold a room
  • hold a table
  • hold a seat
  • hold something for someone
  • hold an item
Synonyms
  • reserve

    more formal; often used for bookings and appointments

  • keep aside

    less formal; common in everyday speech

  • save

    simpler alternative; common with money or time

Antonyms
  • give away

    to let someone else have what you kept

  • use up

    to consume rather than set aside

Grammar Patterns

hold + noun + for + someone

hold + noun + (prepositional phrase of time)

Usage Note

Often used in service contexts: hotels hold rooms, shops hold items, restaurants hold tables. The pattern 'hold + something + for + someone' is very common. Not used for physical keeping in your hands — that is sense 1.

Common Mistakes

Please hold my call while I check.
Please hold my reservation for another night.
holding a call belongs to the 'delay' sense, not this 'save for later' sense.
I held the ticket in my hand.
I asked them to hold a ticket for me.
the first is physical grasp (sense 1); this sense is about setting things aside.

10. to keep a person in a place and stop them from leaving, often by using force or

10.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to keep a person in a place and stop them from leaving, often by using force or authority.

Example

The police held the man at the station for questioning overnight.

hold + person for questioning

Eli was held by the security team until the manager checked the cameras.

passive: be held by authority

Common collocations
  • hold someone hostage
  • hold a prisoner
  • hold someone for questioning
  • be held in custody
Synonyms
  • detain

    more formal; standard in legal and police contexts

  • confine

    emphasises being kept within limits or a small space

  • imprison

    stronger; implies a jail or prison setting

Antonyms
  • release

    to let someone go free

  • free

    to set someone at liberty

Grammar Patterns

hold + person + (place)

be held + by + authority

Usage Note

The subject is usually an authority figure or group (police, security, captors, a teacher). Frequently used in the passive voice: 'be held + by + authority.' Not used for keeping objects — only people or groups.

Common Mistakes

The police held the stolen phone.
The police held the suspect.
this sense is about people, not objects. Holding objects is sense 1.
She held her breath.
The guards held the prisoner.
holding your breath is a different sense (stopping temporarily).

11. to organise and run a gathering or planned activity where people take part — for

11.verbtransitiveB1
Definition

to organise and run a gathering or planned activity where people take part — for instance, a meeting, a ceremony, an election, a class, or a party.

Example

The school holds a graduation ceremony every year in early June.

hold + ceremony/event

We will hold the board meeting on Tuesday morning at ten o'clock.

Common collocations
  • hold a meeting
  • hold an election
  • hold a ceremony
  • hold a party
  • hold a conference
  • hold talks
Synonyms
  • conduct

    more formal; suggests a methodical, organised approach

  • organise

    focuses on the preparation rather than the carrying out

  • run

    less formal; suggests active management during the event

Antonyms
  • cancel

    to decide that a planned event will not happen

Grammar Patterns

hold + event noun (meeting/election/ceremony/party/conference)

Usage Note

Common with event nouns: meeting, election, ceremony, conference, party, class, conversation, talks. Can be used in the passive voice ('talks were held'). This is the most straightforward sense for a B1 learner — the translation '舉行' helps distinguish it from other senses.

Common Mistakes

Let's hold a problem to discuss it.
Let's hold a meeting to discuss it.
you hold events, not issues or topics.

12. to remain in a fixed way without changing or becoming weaker; or to make somethi

12.verbtransitive / intransitiveB2
Definition

to remain in a fixed way without changing or becoming weaker; or to make something continue steady and unchanged.

Example

The silk held its bright colour even after many months of washing.

hold + quality (colour/shape/size)

Eli held his speed for the last two kilometres of the race.

Common collocations
  • hold steady
  • hold still
  • hold firm
  • hold true
  • hold in place
  • hold the pose
Synonyms
  • maintain

    more formal; emphasises active effort to keep things unchanged

  • stay

    intransitive only; simpler and more common

  • keep

    can be used in similar contexts but is more general

Antonyms
  • change

    to become different from before

  • weaken

    to become less strong or effective

Grammar Patterns

hold + noun + adjective (hold steady/straight)

subject + hold (intransitive: weather/rope/luck)

Usage Note

Can be used transitively ('hold + noun + adjective/unchanged') or intransitively ('if the weather/rope/luck holds'). The intransitive use is common in fixed expressions like 'if the weather holds' or 'tight hold.' Distinguish from sense 9 (SAVE) — that sense is about setting something aside for later; this sense is about keeping something constant.

Common Mistakes

The bread held fresh for a week.
The bread stayed fresh for a week.
hold is less natural with food freshness; 'stay' or 'remain' is more common.
She held the conversation going.
She kept the conversation going.
'hold' is not used with a following -ing form. Use 'keep + -ing' instead.

13. to have a particular belief or opinion about something — for example, holding th

13.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to have a particular belief or opinion about something — for example, holding that a policy is wrong, or holding a strong view on a topic.

Example

Christopher holds that speaking daily is the best way to learn a language.

hold + that-clause for expressing a belief

Padma holds strong opinions about how the city should spend its money.

hold + strong opinions about [topic]

Common collocations
  • hold an opinion
  • hold a belief
  • hold the view that
  • hold that
  • hold firmly
Synonyms
  • believe

    more general and more common in everyday speech; 'hold' can sound slightly more formal or emphatic

  • maintain

    suggests defending the opinion despite disagreement; more formal

  • think

    less formal and weaker; 'think' does not necessarily imply strong conviction

Antonyms
  • doubt

    to lack conviction about something

Grammar Patterns

hold + that-clause

hold + an opinion/a belief + about/on

Usage Note

This sense is not used in continuous tenses (❌ 'I am holding that...'). It pairs most naturally with nouns like opinion, view, belief, or idea.

Common Mistakes

I am holding that the plan is good.
I hold that the plan is good.
'hold' in this sense does not take the continuous form.

14. to decide that a specific person or group caused a problem or did something wron

14.verbtransitiveC1
Definition

to decide that a specific person or group caused a problem or did something wrong, and that they must accept the consequences.

Example

The court held the construction company responsible for the bridge's collapse.

hold + [entity] + responsible for [negative outcome]

The voters will hold the government accountable for failing to improve public schools.

hold + [authority] + accountable for [failure]

Common collocations
  • hold responsible
  • hold accountable
  • hold liable
  • held accountable for
Synonyms
  • blame

    less formal and does not require a complement structure; 'blame someone for something' is simpler

  • make answerable

    more formal and explicitly emphasises the duty to explain or justify actions

Antonyms
  • absolve

    to declare someone free from blame or responsibility

Grammar Patterns

hold + sb + responsible/accountable/liable + for + sth

Usage Note

The object complement is most commonly responsible, accountable, or liable. This sense frequently appears in legal, political, or formal contexts.

Common Mistakes

The court held responsible the company.
The court held the company responsible.
the object must come directly after 'hold' and before the adjective complement.

15. to have a particular opinion about someone or something, believing them to have

15.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to have a particular opinion about someone or something, believing them to have a certain quality or to be a particular kind of person or thing.

Example

The committee holds this proposal to be the most practical solution available.

hold + [object] + to be + [judgment]

Most students hold Professor Okafor to be one of the best teachers in the department.

Common collocations
  • hold to be
  • held to be
Synonyms
  • consider

    more common in everyday use; 'consider' can take either 'to be' or 'as'

  • regard

    similar formality but takes 'as' instead of 'to be' (regard someone as)

  • deem

    more formal and often used in official or legal language

Grammar Patterns

hold + sb/sth + to be + adj/noun

Usage Note

This sense typically takes the pattern 'hold + object + to be + complement'. It is more formal than 'think' or 'consider' and is common in legal, academic, and official statements.

Common Mistakes

I hold him as a good friend.
I hold him to be a good friend.
the complement is introduced by 'to be', not 'as'.

16. to pause briefly, or to keep something from moving forward or being dealt with t

16.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

to pause briefly, or to keep something from moving forward or being dealt with temporarily.

Example

The airline held the plane until the passengers from the delayed flight arrived.

transitive: hold + [vehicle/service] + until [condition]

Can you hold my coffee order while I run to the cash machine?

Common collocations
  • hold for
  • hold until
  • hold the
  • hold your
Synonyms
  • wait

    intransitive only and more general; 'hold' implies a deliberate pause

  • pause

    suggests stopping briefly before continuing; more neutral

  • delay

    stronger sense of causing lateness; can have negative connotation

Antonyms
  • release

    to let something proceed or be given out

  • continue

    to carry on without stopping

Grammar Patterns

hold + for + time period

hold + on

hold + object (delay)

Usage Note

When used intransitively (e.g. 'hold for a moment'), this sense often appears in phone or service contexts. The transitive use (hold + object) means 'keep something back temporarily'.

17. a request made when ordering food or drink, asking the server to leave out a spe

17.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

a request made when ordering food or drink, asking the server to leave out a specific ingredient from the order.

Example

I'll have a grilled chicken sandwich, but please hold the onions.

imperative: hold the [ingredient]

Layla asked the waiter to hold the cheese on her salad as she is dairy-free.

Common collocations
  • hold the
  • hold the onions
  • hold the cheese
  • please hold
Synonyms
  • leave out

    broader context; can be used outside of food orders

  • skip

    very informal; 'skip the onions' is common in casual speech

Grammar Patterns

hold + the + ingredient

Usage Note

Used almost exclusively in restaurant or food-service situations. The structure is always 'hold + the + ingredient'. The speaker assumes the ingredient would normally come with the dish.

Common Mistakes

Please hold the onions off my burger.
Please hold the onions on my burger.
the preposition is 'on', not 'off'.

18. to keep someone interested or paying attention to something, usually because it

18.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to keep someone interested or paying attention to something, usually because it is entertaining or compelling.

Example

The documentary held the audience's attention from the very first scene.

hold + [person/audience]'s + attention

A good mystery novel should hold the reader's interest until the final chapter.

hold + [person]'s + interest

Common collocations
  • hold attention
  • hold interest
  • hold spellbound
  • hold captivated
  • hold fascination
Synonyms
  • capture

    suggests a sudden or powerful effect; 'capture attention' implies immediacy

  • engage

    more active; 'engage the audience' suggests interaction rather than passive observation

  • grip

    stronger, suggesting intense involvement ('a gripping story')

Antonyms
  • bore

    to cause someone to lose interest

  • lose

    as in 'lose the audience's attention'

Grammar Patterns

hold + sb's + attention/interest/fascination

hold + sb + adjective (spellbound/captive)

Usage Note

The most typical objects are attention, interest, fascination, or a person followed by an adjective like spellbound or captivated. The sense implies sustained engagement, not just a momentary reaction.

19. When a statement, rule, or argument holds, it is still correct or valid in a par

19.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

When a statement, rule, or argument holds, it is still correct or valid in a particular situation.

Example

The same principle holds for all teams in the competition.

hold for + noun phrase — introducing the situation

Does this argument still hold when you consider the latest findings?

Common collocations
  • hold true
  • holds for
  • holds in
  • no longer holds
Synonyms
  • apply

    more commonly used for rules and conditions; 'hold' is more about logical validity

  • stand

    suggests an argument remains unchallenged; 'hold' implies it withstands scrutiny

  • remain valid

    more formal and explicit than 'hold'

Antonyms
  • fail

    the direct opposite — 'the argument fails'

  • collapse

    suggests the argument falls apart completely under examination

Grammar Patterns

hold (true) for something

hold in something

Usage Note

Frequently used with 'for' to introduce the situation where the statement applies. The fixed expression 'hold true' is common and idiomatic.

Common Mistakes

The container holds for all the leftover food.' (used for physical capacity).
The rule holds for all employees in the office.
This sense only applies to ideas, rules, and arguments, not physical containers.

20. To have the ability to drink alcohol, sometimes in large amounts, without becomi

20.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

To have the ability to drink alcohol, sometimes in large amounts, without becoming drunk or showing ill effects.

Example

Tuan cannot hold his liquor at all — one glass of beer makes him dizzy.

cannot hold one's liquor — common idiomatic expression

Shirin can really hold her wine; she drank three glasses and stayed completely alert.

Common collocations
  • hold one's liquor
  • hold one's drink
  • hold one's wine
  • hold alcohol
Synonyms
  • tolerate

    more general — can apply to spicy food or medicine, not just alcohol

  • handle

    informal and broader in meaning, can refer to any challenging situation

Antonyms
  • can't hold

    the most natural antonym — the negative form of the same expression

Grammar Patterns

can/can't hold one's liquor/wine/drink

can/can't hold + quantity of alcohol

Usage Note

Almost always paired with 'can', 'could', or their negatives to express capacity. The object is typically 'liquor', 'wine', 'beer', 'drink', or the general term 'alcohol'.

Common Mistakes

She held three beers.' (sounds like she was carrying them).
She can hold three beers without getting drunk.
This sense requires 'can/could' to express ability, not physical holding.
Phrasal verbs

hold against

phrasal verb

To let something bad that someone did affect your opinion of them.

I don't hold his past mistakes against him anymore.

She held his rude comment against him for years.

hold back

phrasal verb

To stop yourself from showing a feeling or doing something.

He held back his tears during the sad movie.

Don't hold back; tell me exactly what you think.

hold down

phrasal verb

To keep something at a low level, or to keep a job successfully.

The company is trying to hold down costs this year.

She has held down a full-time job while studying.

hold forth

phrasal verb

To talk about something for a long time, often in a boring way.

The professor held forth on the history of the Roman Empire.

At dinner, Uncle Brian held forth about his political views.

hold in

phrasal verb

To not show a feeling that you are experiencing.

She tried to hold in her laughter during the serious meeting.

It's not healthy to hold in your anger all the time.

hold off

phrasal verb

To delay doing something, or to stop someone from attacking or winning.

The team held off the opponent's attack until the end.

Let's hold off on making a decision until next week.

hold on

phrasal verb

To wait, especially on the phone, or to keep holding something tightly.

Hold on a moment while I check the schedule.

The climber held on to the rope as the wind blew.

hold onto

phrasal verb

To keep something in your hand or keep it for yourself.

Hold onto the railing so you don't fall down the stairs.

You should hold onto that old photograph; it's valuable.

hold on to

phrasal verb

To keep something that you have, or to keep your beliefs or principles.

She held on to her dream of becoming a doctor.

Hold on to your ticket until you leave the station.

hold out

phrasal verb

To continue to resist or survive in a difficult situation.

The small town held out against the enemy for weeks.

I hope our food supplies hold out until help arrives.

hold out for

phrasal verb

To wait until you get what you want, especially a better offer.

The union is holding out for a better pay raise.

She decided to hold out for a job with higher salary.

hold out on

phrasal verb

To refuse to give something, especially information or money, to someone.

He's been holding out on us about the surprise party.

Don't hold out on me; I need to know the truth.

hold over

phrasal verb

To delay or postpone something to a later time.

The meeting was held over until next Tuesday.

They decided to hold over the decision until more data is available.

hold to

phrasal verb

To keep a promise, agreement, or principle; not to change it.

We must hold to our original plan despite the difficulties.

She always holds to her principles, no matter what.

hold together

phrasal verb

To stay united or in one piece, or to cause something to do so.

The old house barely holds together after the earthquake.

Good communication helps hold a team together.

hold up

phrasal verb

To delay someone or something, or to rob a place using a weapon.

Traffic held us up for over an hour this morning.

Two men held up the bank and escaped with the money.

hold with

phrasal verb

To agree with or approve of something, usually used in negative sentences.

I don't hold with the idea of punishing children harshly.

My parents don't hold with staying out late on school nights.

Idioms

If something holds good, it continues to be true or valid.

The same rule holds good for all students in this school.

Does this agreement still hold good after the changes?

hold it

idiom

Used to tell someone to stop what they are doing or wait.

Hold it! I need to tie my shoelace before we go.

Hold it right there, please. The manager wants to see you.

To hold something very tightly because you are afraid of falling or losing it.

The child held on for grim death to his mother's hand.

During the storm, Sara hung on like grim death to the railing.

Used to say that someone is so determined or excited that nothing can stop them.

Once Maya starts talking about her travels, there is no holding her.

When the band began to play, there was no holding the excited crowd.

hold — noun

Word family

  • holder
    nounB1
  • holdable
    adjectiveB2
  • holdall
    nounC1
  • holdover
    nounC1
  • holdout
    nounC1
  • hold-up
    nounB2
  • holdfast
    nounC2
  • holdings
    nounC1

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

All five words involve taking or maintaining control of something with the hand, but they differ in force, duration, and purpose. 'Hold' is the neutral, all-purpose term — it simply means keeping something in your hand without letting go. 'Grip' suggests tighter, more forceful holding (a climber grips a rope, not a teacup). 'Grasp' focuses on the action of reaching out and taking hold, often with effort or determination. 'Clutch' implies a sudden, desperate grab driven by fear or urgency — you clutch a railing when you slip. 'Keep' is broader and overlaps only partly: you can keep a secret or keep a pet, but not *keep a hand* (use 'hold' for physical hand-holding). Compare: 'She held the baby gently' (neutral) vs. 'She gripped the steering wheel' (tight, in control) vs. 'She clutched her bag on the dark street' (anxious).

Common collocations

Phrases

  • hold on tight
  • hold someone back
  • hold something up
  • on hold
  • catch hold of
  • get hold of
  • take hold of
  • hold it together
  • hold your own
  • hold still

Prepositions

Etymology

Proto-GermanicOld EnglishMiddle EnglishEnglish

The verb 'hold' comes from Old English 'healdan' (to grasp, keep, possess), which traces back to Proto-Germanic *haldaną. Its original sense was 'to tend, keep watch over' — a meaning still visible in 'shepherd' (from 'sheep-herd'). The noun sense developed from the verb in Old English, referring to the act of gripping or the place where something is kept. By Middle English, the word had already acquired many of its modern abstract meanings.