bare

bare — adjective

1. with no clothes, leaves, paint, or other covering on it

1.adjectiveB2
Definition

with no clothes, leaves, paint, or other covering on it

Example

The baby kicked off the blanket and lay bare in the crib.

bare = without clothes

Winter left the apple trees bare on the windy hill.

bare trees without leaves

Common collocations
  • bare feet
  • bare skin
  • bare branches
  • bare wood
Synonyms
  • naked

    used mainly for people or animals without clothes, and often stronger in tone

  • uncovered

    more general and often used for objects or areas

  • exposed

    often suggests being open to harm or view, not just lacking a covering

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

bare + body part / surface / plant

Usage Note

Often describes body parts, trees, land, walls, or wood after a covering has gone. It can refer to clothing or to any usual outer layer.

Common Mistakes

The trees were empty in winter.
The trees were bare in winter.
bare fits when the normal covering, such as leaves, is gone.

2. reduced to what matters most, with nothing extra added

2.adjectiveC2
Definition

reduced to what matters most, with nothing extra added

Example

The report gave the bare facts and skipped every personal detail.

collocation: bare facts

At first, the article offered only a bare outline of events.

collocation: bare outline

Common collocations
  • bare facts
  • bare outline
  • bare truth
  • bare design
Synonyms
  • plain

    stresses lack of decoration more than importance

  • simple

    broader everyday word for not complicated

  • basic

    close in meaning, but less forceful about removing extras

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

bare + facts / truth / outline / design

Usage Note

Common with nouns such as facts, truth, outline, or design when the speaker wants to stress simplicity or the removal of detail.

3. just enough to reach the smallest acceptable amount

3.adjectiveC1
Definition

just enough to reach the smallest acceptable amount

Example

The hotel offered the bare minimum: a bed, a lamp, and soap.

fixed phrase: bare minimum

Nina passed the driving test with the bare minimum score.

the bare minimum + score

Common collocations
  • bare minimum
  • bare minimum score
  • the bare minimum of food
  • do the bare minimum
Synonyms
  • minimum

    the core noun without the extra emphasis from bare

  • least

    broader word for the smallest amount

  • just enough

    everyday phrase with similar meaning

Antonyms
  • plenty

    more than enough

  • surplus

    an amount left over after needs are met

Grammar Patterns

bare minimum

the bare minimum of something

Usage Note

Most often appears in the phrase bare minimum. It stresses that an amount or effort is only just enough, and no more.

Common Mistakes

We had the basic minimum money.
We had the bare minimum money.
bare minimum is the usual fixed phrase.

4. used for the simplest things you must have for life or for a task

4.adjectiveB2
Definition

used for the simplest things you must have for life or for a task

Example

The refugees arrived with only the bare essentials in two bags.

collocation: bare essentials

Our first-aid box carries the bare necessities for short hikes.

collocation: bare necessities

Common collocations
  • bare essentials
  • bare necessities
  • bare basics
  • the bare essentials
Synonyms
  • essential

    one necessary thing, or used more generally

  • necessary

    the broad everyday word for something needed

  • vital

    stronger, often suggesting something extremely important

Antonyms
  • luxury

    something pleasant but not necessary

  • extra

    something added beyond what is needed

Grammar Patterns

bare essentials

bare necessities

bare basics

Usage Note

Usually used with plural nouns for supplies or conditions that are necessary to live, travel, or complete a job.

5. having almost nothing inside, or very little furniture or equipment

5.adjectiveC2
Definition

having almost nothing inside, or very little furniture or equipment

Example

By Friday night, the fridge was bare except for two eggs.

be bare except for ...

The old classroom looked bare after workers removed every desk.

Common collocations
  • bare fridge
  • bare shelf
  • bare room
  • bare apartment
Synonyms
  • empty

    the usual everyday word

  • unfurnished

    used especially when a room has no furniture

  • stripped

    suggests that things were removed deliberately

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

be bare

bare cupboard / shelf / room / apartment

Usage Note

Common with cupboards, shelves, rooms, and apartments. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense focuses on missing contents or furniture, not missing outer covering.

6. using no tools or weapons and relying only on your hands

6.adjectiveB2
Definition

using no tools or weapons and relying only on your hands

Example

Mei pulled the weeds out with her bare hands.

collocation: with bare hands

The hikers cleared stones with bare hands after the shovel broke.

Common collocations
  • with bare hands
  • catch with bare hands
  • lift with bare hands
  • touch with bare hands
Synonyms
  • unarmed

    focuses on not having a weapon, not on using hands directly

  • empty-handed

    usually means carrying nothing, not doing an action with only the hands

  • manual

    more formal and often about work done by hand

Antonyms
  • armed

    carrying or using a weapon

  • equipped

    having tools or gear available

Grammar Patterns

with bare hands

Usage Note

Nearly always appears in the phrase with bare hands. The action is done without equipment or protection.

Common Mistakes

He moved the bricks by his bare hands.
He moved the bricks with his bare hands.
this pattern normally uses with.
Idioms

The most important or basic parts of something, without any extra details.

The teacher explained the bare bones of the scientific method.

Can you give me the bare bones of the plot?

Used to say that there is no money or resources available for something.

The charity asked for donations, but the cupboard was bare.

After the budget cuts, the cupboard is bare for new projects.

To reveal something that was hidden or secret, or to expose something to view.

The investigation laid bare the corruption in the company.

Her diary laid bare her deepest fears and hopes.

Using only your hands, without any tools or weapons.

He built the entire shed with his bare hands.

Could you really catch a fish with your bare hands?

bare — verb

bare — adverb

Word family

Synonym discussion

Sense: adjective/1

For adjective sense 1, bare is the most flexible word. It can describe people without clothes, but it also works for trees without leaves, feet without shoes, or wood without paint. Naked is stronger and is used mainly for people or animals with no clothes at all. Uncovered is more neutral and often suits objects, containers, or surfaces. Exposed goes further: it often suggests that something is open to danger, weather, or public view. So a baby can be bare in a crib, a bowl can be uncovered on the table, and wires left in the rain are exposed. A hill in winter may look bare, but exposed if nothing protects it from the wind.

barenakeduncoveredexposed

Etymology

Proto-GermanicOld EnglishEnglish

Bare comes from Old English bær, which meant uncovered, naked, or empty. It is related to older Germanic words with the same basic idea. The physical sense is the oldest one, and later English extended it to meanings such as only the minimum, or showing something hidden.