beard

beard — noun

1. the hair on a person's chin, jaw, and cheeks when it is left unshaven

1.nounA1
Definition

the hair on a person's chin, jaw, and cheeks when it is left unshaven

Example

Rashida grew a short beard after leaving the army.

grow a beard

By winter, the fisherman had a thick beard over his chin.

have a thick beard

Common collocations
  • grow a beard
  • thick beard
  • full beard
  • shave off a beard
  • stroke your beard
Synonyms
  • facial hair

    is the broad general term and can include a moustache on its own

  • whiskers

    is more informal and may suggest fuller or rougher facial hair

  • stubble

    means very short new beard growth after shaving

  • goatee

    names a smaller beard mainly on the chin

Antonyms
  • clean-shaven

    means having no beard because the face is shaved

Grammar Patterns

grow a beard

have a beard

shave off a beard

Usage Note

Usually refers to the full area of facial hair on the chin and cheeks. Distinguish from noun/2, which is the hanging hair under a goat's jaw.

Common Mistakes

My father has a beard above his lip.
My father has a moustache above his lip.
hair only on the upper lip is a moustache, not a beard.
He has many beards on his face.
He has a beard.
one person normally has one beard, not several.

2. a pointed tuft hanging from the bottom of a goat's jaw

2.noun
Definition

a pointed tuft hanging from the bottom of a goat's jaw

Example

The old goat's white beard swung as it chewed the rope.

a goat's beard

On the farm, each young goat had a small beard by spring.

Common collocations
  • a goat's beard
  • long beard
  • white beard
  • mud on its beard
Synonyms
  • tuft

    is a general word for a small bunch of hair and is less exact

  • tassel

    describes a hanging shape rather than the animal feature itself

Grammar Patterns

a goat's beard

have a beard

Usage Note

Almost always used for goats or closely similar animals, not for fur in general. Distinguish from noun/1, which is about human facial hair.

Common Mistakes

The goat has long hair under its mouth.
The goat has a long beard.
beard is the usual word for this hanging part.

3. the tough thin fibers a mussel uses to fasten itself to rock or wood

3.noun
Definition

the tough thin fibers a mussel uses to fasten itself to rock or wood

Example

The cook cut away the mussel's beard before dropping it into the pan.

remove a mussel's beard

Several mussels kept their beards, so the cook washed them again.

Common collocations
  • mussel's beard
  • remove the beard
  • cut away the beard
  • beard attached to rock
Synonyms
  • threads

    is a simpler description for the thin strands

  • filaments

    is a more technical word for fine thread-like parts

Grammar Patterns

remove the beard

a mussel's beard

attach by its beard

Usage Note

Used mainly for mussels and similar shellfish. In cooking, it usually means the part you pull off before steaming or frying them.

Common Mistakes

Wash the beard and leave it on the mussels.
Pull off the beard before cooking the mussels.
this part is normally removed, not served.

4. someone presented as another person's partner so other people believe an untrue

4.noun
Definition

someone presented as another person's partner so other people believe an untrue story about that person's private life

Example

At the awards dinner, Eli asked a friend to be his beard.

be someone's beard

For years, the singer's beard appeared with him at public events.

Common collocations
  • be his beard
  • be her beard
  • act as a beard
  • public beard
Synonyms
  • cover

    is broader and can refer to any person or thing used to hide the truth

  • front

    stresses a false public appearance more than the relationship detail

  • decoy

    emphasizes distraction or deception, not specifically romance

Grammar Patterns

be someone's beard

act as a beard

Usage Note

Informal and strongly linked to hiding a real relationship or sexual identity. It often appears in the patterns be someone's beard and act as a beard.

Common Mistakes

He grew a beard so reporters would stop asking questions.
He asked a woman to be his beard so reporters would stop asking questions.
in this sense, beard is a person, not facial hair.

5. an object, business, or activity used as a cover so someone or something seems h

5.noun
Definition

an object, business, or activity used as a cover so someone or something seems harmless or honest

Example

The charity website was only a beard for the money scheme.

a beard for + noun

In the novel, the small shop serves as a beard for spies.

serve as a beard

Common collocations
  • a beard for fraud
  • serve as a beard
  • use as a beard
  • political beard
Synonyms
  • front

    is the closest everyday word for a false business or activity

  • cover

    is broader and can also describe a protective excuse or role

  • screen

    suggests something placed in front to hide what is really happening

Grammar Patterns

a beard for something

serve as a beard

use something as a beard

Usage Note

Less common than noun/4 and usually refers to a plan, business, or public activity rather than a person. Distinguish from noun/4, which is specifically a person pretending to be someone's partner.

Common Mistakes

His beard came to the dinner with him.
His beard came to the dinner with him.' / 'The fake charity was a beard for the scam.
use noun/4 for a person and noun/5 for a thing or arrangement.

beard — verb

Word family

  • bearded
    adjectiveB2
  • beardless
    adjectiveC2

Synonym discussion

Sense: noun/1

For noun sense 1, beard is the general word for hair grown on the chin and much of the lower face. Stubble is much shorter: it is the rough new growth you feel a day or two after shaving. A goatee is narrower, because it mainly sits on the chin. A moustache is different again, since it grows above the upper lip and can exist without a beard. Whiskers is informal and can mean facial hair in general, especially when it looks full or untidy. You can say Rashida grew a beard over winter, had stubble by Monday evening, or kept only a goatee for the play.

Etymology

Proto-Indo-EuropeanProto-GermanicOld EnglishEnglish

Beard is a very old Germanic word. Old English already had beard, and it is related to German Bart and Dutch baard. All of them go back to an earlier Indo-European root connected with facial hair, so the central meaning has stayed almost unchanged in English for a very long time.