upset

upset — verb

1. to make someone feel worried, unhappy, or emotionally shaken — for example, by t

1.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to make someone feel worried, unhappy, or emotionally shaken — for example, by telling them bad news, treating them unfairly, or saying something hurtful.

Example

The news of the factory closing upset Stefan's entire family.

Beatriz felt deeply upset when her application was turned down.

felt deeply upset — common adverb + adjective collocation

Common collocations
  • deeply upset
  • visibly upset
  • upset by the news
  • upset about the decision
Synonyms
  • distress

    stronger, suggests serious emotional pain

  • bother

    milder, often about minor annoyances

  • trouble

    suggests worry or concern rather than sadness

Antonyms
  • comfort

    to make someone feel better after they are upset

  • reassure

    to say things that take away someone's worries

Grammar Patterns

upset + noun/pronoun

be upset by + noun

be upset to + infinitive

be upset that + clause

Usage Note

Often used in the passive: be/get upset by/about something. The that-clause and to-infinitive patterns are common after passive constructions.

Common Mistakes

I upsetted my friend.
I upset my friend.
upset is an irregular verb; the past form is upset, not upsetted.
The news upset me angry.
The news made me angry.' or 'The news upset me.
upset already expresses emotional disturbance; do not add another emotion verb.

2. to change the expected or normal condition of something, usually creating disord

2.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to change the expected or normal condition of something, usually creating disorder or preventing it from happening as planned.

Example

The sudden rain upset all our plans for the outdoor wedding reception.

upset + plans — common collocation for disrupted arrangements

A loud noise from the street upset the rhythm of Yael's piano practice.

Common collocations
  • upset the balance
  • upset plans
  • upset the schedule
  • upset arrangements
Synonyms
  • disrupt

    more formal, emphasises breaking the flow of something

  • disturb

    milder, suggests interfering without necessarily ruining

  • throw off

    more informal, common in spoken English

Antonyms
  • maintain

    to keep something in its expected state

  • preserve

    to keep something unchanged

Grammar Patterns

upset + abstract noun (plans, balance, schedule)

Usage Note

This sense is about disrupting abstract systems (plans, schedules, balance) rather than physical objects. The object is typically a process or arrangement, not a person.

Common Mistakes

The rain upsetted our plan.
The rain upset our plan.
same irregular past form as sense 1.

3. to accidentally push or hit something so that it falls, spills, or moves from it

3.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to accidentally push or hit something so that it falls, spills, or moves from its correct position.

Example

Tunde accidentally upset his coffee cup and ruined the documents on his desk.

upset + container (cup, glass, bowl) — spilling contents

The cat jumped onto the shelf and upset a vase of dried flowers.

Common collocations
  • upset a glass
  • upset a cup
  • upset a vase
  • upset a bowl
Synonyms
  • knock over

    more common in everyday spoken English

  • overturn

    more formal, suggests something turns onto its side or top

  • spill

    used when liquid comes out of a container

Grammar Patterns

upset + concrete noun

Usage Note

This sense always involves a physical object being knocked from its position. Do not confuse with sense 1 (emotional) or sense 2 (abstract disruption).

Common Mistakes

I upset a glass of water on purpose.
I knocked over a glass of water on purpose.
upset in this sense implies accident, not deliberate action.

4. to cause someone's stomach to feel uncomfortable or slightly nauseous, often bec

4.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to cause someone's stomach to feel uncomfortable or slightly nauseous, often because of something they have eaten or drunk.

Example

The smell of raw fish always upsets Anjali's stomach.

upset [possessive] stomach — fixed expression

Eating too many sweets upset the children's stomachs during the long car ride.

Common collocations
  • upset someone's stomach
  • upset by food
  • easily upset stomach
Synonyms
Antonyms
  • settle

    to calm the stomach, e.g., 'ginger tea settled my stomach'

Grammar Patterns

upset + person's stomach

upset + person

Usage Note

The object is almost always 'stomach' or a person. When used with a person, the nausea is implied rather than stated directly — 'the ride upset me' means it made me feel sick.

Common Mistakes

The food upset my head.
The food upset my stomach.
upset in this sense is specific to stomach discomfort.
I upset after eating.
I felt upset after eating.' or 'The food upset my stomach.
when describing your own condition, use adjective or specify the stomach.

5. to beat a competitor who was expected to win, especially in a sports match or co

5.verbtransitiveC1
Definition

to beat a competitor who was expected to win, especially in a sports match or competition.

Example

The underdog team upset the defending champions in the final match of the season.

underdog team upsets favourite — typical sports-journalism pattern

Imran upset the top seed in the first round of the regional tennis tournament.

Common collocations
  • upset the champion
  • upset the favourite
  • stunning upset
  • shock upset
Synonyms
  • defeat

    neutral, no element of surprise

  • beat

    informal, general term for winning

  • overcome

    suggests a hard-fought victory

Antonyms
  • lose to

    the expected outcome when the favourite underperforms

Grammar Patterns

upset + team/player

Usage Note

This is a specialised sense used in sports journalism and commentary. The 'expected loser wins' element is central — if the favourite wins, it is not an upset.

Common Mistakes

The favourite team upset the underdog.
The underdog upset the favourite.
the winner must be the less expected side. The word upset implies surprise.

upset — adjective

upset — noun

Word family

  • upsetting
    adjectiveB2
  • upsettingly
    adverbC1
  • upsetness
    nounC1

Synonym discussion

Sense: adjective/1

Upset, worried, anxious, and distressed all describe negative emotional states, but they differ in cause and intensity. Upset is the broadest and most common — it is a reaction to a specific event that has already happened, such as bad news or a disappointment (e.g., 'She was upset when her friend forgot her birthday'). Worried focuses on thoughts about possible future problems (e.g., 'He was worried about the exam results'). Anxious is stronger and more physical, suggesting a feeling of nervousness or tension that may not have a clear cause (e.g., 'She felt anxious before the job interview'). Distressed is the most intense, describing serious emotional pain that makes it hard to function normally (e.g., 'The family was deeply distressed by the accident'). For a learner, upset is the safest everyday choice for describing disappointment or hurt feelings, while worried and anxious lean toward future concerns and distressed is reserved for severe situations.

Common collocations

Nouns

Phrases

  • upset the apple cart
  • upset stomach
  • stomach upset
  • emotional upset
  • major upset

Prepositions

Etymology

Old English (ūpsettan)Middle English (upsetten)English

Upset comes from the Middle English word upsetten, formed by combining up and setten (to set). Originally it meant 'to set up' or 'to place upright.' Over time the meaning shifted in an unusual way — by the 1600s, upset had come to mean 'to overturn' or 'to tip over,' probably because of confusion with the idea of 'setting something up' only to have it fall. From this physical sense, the word developed its emotional meaning of 'disturbing someone's composure' by the 1800s. The sporting sense of an 'unexpected defeat' dates from the late 1800s.