planning

planning — noun

1. the activity of deciding which steps to take, when to take them, and what resour

1.nounB1
Definition

the activity of deciding which steps to take, when to take them, and what resources you will need so that a future goal or event runs smoothly.

Example

Maya spent six months on planning before she opened the bakery in Taichung.

planning + before + [event]

Good financial planning helped the Chen family pay off their mortgage early.

collocation: financial planning

Common collocations
  • careful planning
  • advance planning
  • financial planning
  • event planning
  • long-term planning
  • strategic planning
  • lack of planning
Synonyms
  • preparation

    broader; covers gathering tools and materials, not just deciding steps

  • organization

    emphasises arranging people and resources rather than choosing the steps

  • scheduling

    narrower; focuses on fixing dates and times only

Antonyms
  • improvisation

    deciding what to do as you go, without earlier preparation

Grammar Patterns

planning + for + [event]

planning + of + [activity]

Usage Note

Almost always uncountable. Subject of the planning is usually an event, project, or future goal (a wedding, a budget, a trip). Distinguish from sense 2, which refers specifically to the official control of land use.

Common Mistakes

I have many plannings for next year.
I have many plans for next year.
'planning' is uncountable; the countable form is 'plans'.
She is a planning of our trip.
She is in charge of planning our trip.
'planning' is the activity, not a person or thing.

2. the official work done by a town or city government to decide how land, roads, a

2.nounC1
Definition

the official work done by a town or city government to decide how land, roads, and buildings should be arranged so that an area is safe and pleasant to live in.

Example

The new shopping centre needs planning permission from the city council before construction can start.

collocation: planning permission

Mei works in the planning department at Taipei City Hall.

compound: planning department

Common collocations
  • planning permission
  • planning application
  • planning department
  • planning authority
  • planning rules
  • town planning
  • urban planning
  • regional planning
Synonyms
  • zoning

    American; narrower — the legal division of land into use categories

  • urban planning

    the discipline as a whole, often used as the formal name

  • town planning

    British equivalent; same activity, different label

Grammar Patterns

planning + permission/application/department

Usage Note

Frequently attributive — appears before another noun (planning permission, planning department, planning application). Common in news reports about construction and local government. Distinguish from sense 1, which is the general activity of preparing for any event.

Common Mistakes

They got planning to build a house.
They got planning permission to build a house.
in the land-use sense, 'planning' rarely stands alone; pair it with 'permission', 'application', or 'department'.
The city planning is beautiful.
The city's urban planning is impressive.
'planning' alone refers to the process, not the result; use 'urban planning' for the discipline.

Word family

Synonym discussion

Sense: noun/1

All four words describe getting ready for something, but they emphasise different stages. 'Planning' is the thinking stage — choosing what to do, in what order, and with what resources. 'Preparation' is broader and more physical: it includes planning, but also gathering tools, packing bags, or rehearsing. 'Organization' focuses on arranging people and resources into a workable structure once the plan exists, so a wedding planner does the planning while a wedding coordinator handles the organization on the day. 'Scheduling' is the narrowest of the four — it only fixes dates, times, and the order of events. You might say, 'After three weeks of planning the route, two days of preparation packing the van, and careful scheduling of each stop, our family road trip around Taiwan finally began.'

Common collocations

Nouns

  • planning stage
  • planning process
  • planning meeting
  • planning team

Phrases

  • a lot of planning
  • lack of planning
  • needs careful planning
  • in the planning stages

Prepositions

  • planning for
  • planning of
  • without planning

Etymology

LatinFrenchEnglish

The noun 'planning' is the gerund form of the verb 'plan', which entered English in the late 1600s from French 'plan' meaning a flat surface or drawing of a building seen from above. French in turn took it from Latin 'planus' (flat, level). The earliest English uses referred to architectural drawings, and the broader sense of 'arranging future actions' grew naturally from this idea of laying things out on a flat sheet. The modern town-planning sense became common in the late 1800s as cities grew and governments began to control land use officially.