hell

hell — noun

1. any situation or place that causes great suffering or hardship.

1.nounB2
Definition

any situation or place that causes great suffering or hardship.

Example

The traffic on the freeway this morning was pure hell for Takeshi.

pattern: it + be + pure hell

After the earthquake, life in the village became a living hell for months.

collocation: a living hell

Common collocations
  • a living hell
  • pure hell
  • absolute hell
  • hell on earth
  • go through hell
Synonyms
  • nightmare

    suggests a more specific frightening experience rather than a prolonged difficult period

  • torture

    stronger; implies deliberate infliction of pain or suffering

  • ordeal

    less intense; focuses on the difficulty of the experience

Antonyms
  • paradise

    an extremely pleasant, enjoyable situation

Usage Note

Usually uncountable. Frequently paired with intensifiers such as 'absolute', 'pure', or 'living' to strengthen the meaning.

Common Mistakes

The refugees are living in the hell.
The refugees are living in hell.
when 'hell' means a terrible situation, it is used without an article.

2. in certain religions, an eternal place of punishment where wicked people are sen

2.nounB2
Definition

in certain religions, an eternal place of punishment where wicked people are sent after death.

Example

In many traditional stories, hell is described as a realm of fire and suffering.

collocation: a realm of fire and suffering

The pastor told the children that acts of kindness could keep a person out of hell.

pattern: keep [person] out of hell

Common collocations
  • go to hell
  • send to hell
  • saved from hell
  • souls in hell
  • burn in hell
Synonyms
  • the underworld

    less tied to a specific religion; more common in mythology and fantasy

  • the inferno

    formal or literary; emphasizes fire and punishment

  • damnation

    refers to the state of being condemned, not a physical place

Antonyms
  • heaven

    the place of eternal reward in many religions

Usage Note

Treated as a proper noun — used without an article (e.g. 'go to hell', 'sent to hell'). Often capitalized in religious writing.

Common Mistakes

She believes bad people go to the hell.
She believes bad people go to hell.
'hell' meaning the religious place uses no article after 'to'.

3. severe trouble, problems, or harsh treatment that one person directs at another.

3.nounB2
Definition

severe trouble, problems, or harsh treatment that one person directs at another.

Example

Reuben's supervisor gave him hell for arriving late to the meeting.

pattern: give [someone] hell for [something]

The children have been giving their babysitter hell all afternoon.

pattern: give [someone] hell

Common collocations
  • give hell
  • get hell
  • catch hell
Synonyms
  • grief

    similar intensity and also appears in 'give someone grief'; slightly softer in tone

  • a hard time

    less strong; more neutral and less emotionally charged

  • trouble

    broader meaning; less specifically about verbal reprimand

Usage Note

Only appears in fixed expressions such as 'give someone hell' and 'get hell from someone'. Cannot be modified with adjectives or used freely as a countable noun.

Common Mistakes

My teacher gave me a hell for my homework.
My teacher gave me hell for my homework.
no article 'a' is used in this fixed expression.
Idioms

A situation suddenly becomes very noisy, chaotic, or violent.

When the teacher left the room, all hell broke loose.

Did all hell break loose after the announcement?

To be punished or scolded severely.

If Mom sees this mess, I'll catch hell.

He caught hell from his boss for being late.

Serious trouble or consequences that will happen.

If we miss the deadline, there'll be hell to pay.

There will be the devil to pay if he finds out.

Doing something just for fun or without a good reason.

We drove to the coast just for the hell of it.

He painted his room purple for the hell of it.

Used to describe the worst possible person or thing of a kind.

Our new neighbor is the neighbor from hell.

This traffic jam is the commute from hell.

To leave a place very quickly, often because of danger or anger.

We need to get the hell out of this building now.

Get the hell out of my room!

To cause someone a lot of trouble, pain, or difficulty.

My little brother gave me hell all weekend.

These shoes are giving me hell; they hurt so much.

To become very bad or decline rapidly.

Since the new manager came, the company has gone to hell in a handbasket.

This neighborhood is going to hell in a handbasket.

As fast as possible; at top speed.

The rider went hell for leather down the track.

She ran hell for leather to catch the bus.

Used to say that a woman can be extremely angry when rejected or betrayed.

Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned, as they say.

After he left her, hell hath no fury; she ruined his reputation.

Used to emphasize that something is very good, bad, big, etc.

We had a hell of a time at the party last night.

That was one hell of a storm; it knocked down trees.

No matter what difficulties or obstacles arise.

I will finish this project, come hell or high water.

She promised to be there, hell or high water.

An exclamation of anger or surprise.

Hell's teeth! I forgot my keys again.

Hell's teeth, that was a close call!

Moving extremely fast.

The car sped away like a bat out of hell.

He ran like a bat out of hell when he heard the alarm.

Used to emphasize that something is done with great effort or intensity, or to express strong denial.

She worked like hell to finish on time.

My head hurts like hell after that fall.

To have no chance at all of succeeding.

He doesn't have a snowball's chance in hell of getting the job.

That team has a snowball's chance in hell of winning.

To cause serious damage or problems to something or someone.

The cold weather played hell with the crops.

His constant lateness played merry hell with the schedule.

To protest or complain very angrily, often causing trouble.

The students raised hell when the rules changed.

She raised hell with the manager about the poor service.

Good intentions alone are not enough; you must actually do good things.

He meant to help, but the road to hell is paved with good intentions.

Remember, the road to hell is paved with good intentions.

Through a very difficult or painful experience.

They went to hell and back during the war.

She has been to hell and back with her illness.

Used to express anger or rejection, saying you no longer care about someone or something.

To hell with the rules; I'm doing it my way.

To hell with him; I don't need his approval.

hell — exclamation

Word family

  • hellish
    adjectiveB2
  • hellishly
    adverbC1
  • hellfire
    nounC1

Synonym discussion

Sense: noun/1

All four words describe intensely unpleasant experiences, but they differ in intensity and focus. 'Hell' (this sense) is the broadest and strongest, covering any prolonged situation of great suffering — from a bad commute to a year of illness. 'Nightmare' is narrower: it suggests a frightening, anxiety-filled experience, often with a sense of helplessness, and implies the experience was finite ('the exam was a nightmare'). 'Torture' deliberately evokes physical or mental pain inflicted by someone else, so it sounds more dramatic and accusatory. 'Ordeal' is the mildest of the group; it focuses on the difficulty or trial of the experience rather than the suffering itself. 'Misery' emphasises emotional unhappiness and hopelessness more than external hardship. For example: 'The refugee camp was hell' (total suffering); 'The visa interview was an ordeal' (difficult process); 'The bullying made school a living nightmare' (fear-based experience).

Common collocations

Nouns

Adverbs

Phrases

Prepositions

Etymology

Proto-Indo-EuropeanProto-GermanicOld EnglishMiddle EnglishEnglish

Hell comes from Old English 'hel', from the Proto-Germanic word '*haljō', meaning 'the underworld' or 'the hidden place'. This root traces back to the Proto-Indo-European '*ḱel-', meaning 'to cover or conceal'. In early Germanic mythology, it referred to a shadowy realm of the dead. With the spread of Christianity, the meaning shifted to a place of eternal punishment for sinners. The figurative use — describing any unbearably painful experience — first appeared in the 16th century and gradually became the most common everyday meaning.