flex
Word family
- flexibleadjectiveA2
- flexibilitynounB1
- inflexibleadjectiveB2
- inflexibilitynounC1
- flexiblyadverbB2
- flexornounC2
Synonym discussion
Sense: verb/1
All four words relate to making a body part or muscle change shape or tension, but they differ in focus. Bend is the most general — you can bend your knees, elbows, or back, and it describes the joint's angle rather than the muscle state. Tense is narrower: it describes the conscious act of making a muscle hard without necessarily changing a joint's position (e.g. tense your stomach muscles while sitting still). Contract is the technical term for what muscles do internally; a doctor might say "the heart contracts 70 times a minute." Tighten overlaps with tense but is more everyday — you tighten your grip on a rope or tighten your stomach before a punch. Flex (verb/1) combines both the joint movement and the muscle hardening, and is the preferred word in fitness and sports contexts. For example, "Christopher flexed his arm and watched his bicep rise" suggests both the bending of the elbow and the bulging of the muscle — something bend alone would not capture.
Common collocations
Etymology
Flex comes from the Latin verb flectere, meaning 'to bend.' It entered English through Old French fléchir in the 1500s, originally referring only to bending the body or objects. The physical sense of contracting muscles appeared in the 1800s. By the 1990s, African American Vernacular English developed the slang use meaning 'to show off or boast,' based on the idea of flexing muscles as a display of strength.