divide

divide — verb

1. to break something into several separate pieces, sections, or groups, or for som

1.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

to break something into several separate pieces, sections, or groups, or for something to come apart naturally.

Example

Apinya divided the cake into eight equal pieces so that everyone got a slice.

transitive: divide + object + into + [number] + parts

The teacher divided the class into four small groups for the science fair.

Common collocations
  • divide something into groups
  • divide something in half
  • divide something equally
  • divide something between/among people
  • divide something from something else
Synonyms
  • split

    more forceful or informal; often implies lengthwise separation

  • separate

    broader meaning; does not necessarily imply breaking into pieces

  • partition

    more formal; suggests dividing a space or area with a barrier

Antonyms
  • unite

    bring parts together as a whole

  • join

    connect separate items into one

Grammar Patterns

divide + object + into + parts

divide + object + between/among + people/places

subject + divides (intransitive — roads, groups)

Usage Note

Frequently used with into to specify the resulting parts. With between/among, the focus is on distribution across recipients or locations rather than the act of cutting.

Common Mistakes

I divided the cake in three parts.
I divided the cake into three parts.
the correct preposition after divide when naming the resulting pieces is into, not in.

2. to make the people in a group hold different opinions about an issue, often crea

2.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to make the people in a group hold different opinions about an issue, often creating two opposing sides.

Example

The question of school uniforms divided the parents' committee deeply.

transitive: [issue] + divides + [group]

Opinions are divided on whether the old park should get a new playground.

passive: opinions + are divided + on + [issue]

Common collocations
  • divided over something
  • divided on an issue
  • divided about something
  • deeply divided
  • sharply divided
Synonyms
  • split

    more informal; often used for groups breaking into factions

  • polarize

    stronger; suggests opinions move to extreme opposites

Antonyms
  • unite

    bring people together around a common view

Grammar Patterns

divide + [group] + into + [opposing sides]

be divided + over/about/on + [issue]

Usage Note

Commonly appears in the passive voice (be divided) or with a direct object that is a collective noun (community, committee, family, staff, party). Frequently followed by over, about, or on to name the issue.

Common Mistakes

The issue divided among the members.
The issue divided the members.' or 'The members were divided over the issue.
transitive requires a direct object; use passive for the intransitive structure.

3. when a physical feature like a wall, road, or river runs between two places, it

3.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

when a physical feature like a wall, road, or river runs between two places, it creates a clear separation between them.

Example

A narrow stream divides the two farms that have been in the family for generations.

divide + [two things] — no from needed

The main road divides the residential area from the business district.

divide + [area A] + from + [area B]

Common collocations
  • divide one area from another
  • divide two properties
  • divided by a wall/river/road
Synonyms
  • separate

    broader; works for both physical and abstract separations

  • mark the limit of

    descriptive phrase; less common as a single verb

Antonyms
  • connect

    join two areas together

  • link

    establish a connection between

Grammar Patterns

divide + [area A] + from + [area B]

Usage Note

Subject is almost always a physical feature (fence, wall, river, road, mountain). Not used for abstract boundaries (use separate instead).

Common Mistakes

A disagreement divides the two neighbours.' (for a physical boundary)
A hedge divides the two neighbours' gardens.
use sense 6 for abstract disagreement.

4. to give portions of something to several people so that everyone receives a fair

4.verbtransitiveB1
Definition

to give portions of something to several people so that everyone receives a fair part.

Example

Christopher and his brother divided the household chores equally between them.

divide + object + equally + between + [two]

The prize money was divided among the three winners of the contest.

passive: was divided among + [group of three+]

Common collocations
  • divide equally
  • divide fairly
  • divide profits
  • divide chores
  • divide among/between recipients
Synonyms
  • share

    softer, more general; less emphasis on exact portions

  • distribute

    more formal; can be systematic or official

  • allocate

    formal; emphasizes assigning for specific purposes

Antonyms
  • keep

    retain rather than give out

  • withhold

    formal; refuse to distribute

Grammar Patterns

divide + object + between + [two people/groups]

divide + object + among + [three or more]

Usage Note

Between is preferred when naming exactly two recipients; among is used for three or more. The object is typically a divisible resource (money, food, work, land).

Common Mistakes

We divided the money between the three of us.
We divided the money among the three of us.
between is for two; among is for three or more.

5. to work out how many equal groups a quantity can be split into by a particular a

5.verbtransitive / intransitiveA2
Definition

to work out how many equal groups a quantity can be split into by a particular amount — for instance, splitting twelve into groups of three gives four groups.

Example

The teacher showed the class how to divide 24 by 6 using plastic counters on the table.

pattern: divide + number + by + divisor

Divide a pizza into eight slices and each piece is one eighth of the whole.

divide + object + into + number + parts

Common collocations
  • divide by
  • divide into [parts]
  • divide evenly
  • can / cannot be divided by
Synonyms
  • share out

    informal; used for dividing physical items, not abstract numbers

  • split

    informal; works for both numbers and physical quantities

Antonyms
  • multiply

    the inverse mathematical operation

Grammar Patterns

transitive: divide + number + by + number

intransitive: number + divides into + number

Usage Note

The standard preposition after a number is "by": divide 12 by 3 (not "with" or "on"). When describing the result, use "into": 12 divides into 3 equal groups.

Common Mistakes

Divide 10 with 2.
Divide 10 by 2.
The correct preposition after the number being divided is 'by,' not 'with.'

6. to choose how much attention, effort, or other limited resources to put toward e

6.verbtransitiveB2
Definition

to choose how much attention, effort, or other limited resources to put toward each of several different tasks or activities.

Example

Ritu divides her time between studying law and working at a café.

divide + time + between + [two activities]

You need to divide your energy carefully across all the tasks today.

Common collocations
  • divide time
  • divide energy
  • divide attention
  • divide resources
  • divide budget
Synonyms
  • allocate

    more formal; often used in professional or financial contexts

  • share out

    phrasal verb; slightly less formal

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

divide + [time/energy/attention/resources] + between + [activities]

Usage Note

Object is usually an abstract resource: time, energy, attention, budget, effort. Typical pattern is divide [resource] between [two activities] or among [several].

7. to deliberately create conflict among the people or groups you lead as a way of

7.verbtransitiveC1
Definition

to deliberately create conflict among the people or groups you lead as a way of stopping them from joining forces against you, so you hold on to your authority.

Example

The dictator used divide and rule to stop ethnic groups from uniting against him.

fixed phrase: divide and rule

The manager gave each team different details and divided the staff to protect his authority.

divide + people + and + consequence clause

Common collocations
  • divide and rule
  • divide and conquer
  • divide the opposition
  • divide communities along [lines]
  • deliberately divide
Synonyms
Antonyms
  • unite

    bring together as one group — the opposite goal

Grammar Patterns

divide + people / group + to infinitive

Usage Note

Often appears in the fixed strategy phrases "divide and rule" or "divide and conquer." The object is typically a group, community, or organization that could otherwise unite against an authority.

Common Mistakes

The manager divided the team so they could work more efficiently.
The manager divided the team to prevent them from asking for better pay.
This sense always implies a deliberate strategy for keeping control, not simply assigning tasks.

8. when a larger amount can be evenly split by a smaller amount, leaving no extra p

8.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

when a larger amount can be evenly split by a smaller amount, leaving no extra portion — for instance, six goes into eighteen three times with nothing left over.

Example

Bilal checked whether 7 divides into 28 — it does, exactly four times with no remainder.

pattern: number + divides into + number (intransitive)

Elena has 36 cupcakes for her 9 guests — she checks whether 9 divides into 36, then gives 4 to each person.

pattern: number + divides into + number (intransitive, concrete scenario)

Common collocations
  • divides into [number]
  • divides evenly into
  • [number] divides into [number] exactly
  • divides [number] times
Antonyms
  • remain

    what happens when the division is not exact — there is a leftover amount

Grammar Patterns

number + divides into + number

Usage Note

This sense is always intransitive and takes "into": the smaller number divides into the larger one. The focus is on whether the operation yields an exact whole number, not on performing the calculation (see sense 8 for the calculation itself).

Common Mistakes

Five divides with twenty.
Five divides into twenty.
The correct preposition is 'into,' not 'with.'

9. when members of a law-making body walk into separate groups to record their vote

9.verbintransitiveC1
Definition

when members of a law-making body walk into separate groups to record their votes for or against a proposal.

Example

The House of Commons divided on the proposed tax reform late last night.

The House + divides + on + [issue]

After hours of heated debate, the members divided and the Speaker announced the result.

Common collocations
  • the House divides
  • parliament divides
  • divide on a bill
  • divide on an amendment
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

The House/Parliament + divides + (on + [issue])

Usage Note

Restricted to parliamentary procedure, primarily in British and Commonwealth political systems. The verb is always intransitive in this sense. Never used for ordinary voting.

Common Mistakes

The club members divided on the new dress code.
The club members voted on the new dress code.
this sense applies only to parliaments, not to everyday groups.
Idioms

To maintain power by making people argue with each other so they cannot unite against you.

The emperor used divide and rule to control his vast empire.

Why do some leaders still practice divide and rule in modern politics?

To separate something into two equal parts, or to be separated into two equal parts.

Maya split the pizza down the middle so each friend got half.

The community divided down the middle over the new park proposal.

divide — noun

Word family

  • division
    nounB1
  • divided
    adjectiveB2
  • dividing
    adjectiveB2
  • undivided
    adjectiveB2
  • divisive
    adjectiveC1
  • indivisible
    adjectiveC1
  • subdivide
    verbB2
  • subdivision
    nounC1
  • divider
    nounC1
  • dividend
    nounB2

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

All four words describe pulling things apart, but they differ in force, formality, and scope. Divide focuses on breaking a whole into parts, often with a plan — you divide a cake into slices or a class into groups. Separate is the broadest: two people can be separated by distance, a filter can separate solids from liquids, and no cutting or splitting is required. Split is more forceful and often informal; a log splits along its grain, and a group splits into factions after a quarrel. Partition is formal and tends to refer to dividing a space or system with a clear boundary — a wall partitions a room, or an agreement partitions a disputed territory. For everyday sharing, use divide; for simply keeping apart, use separate; for a more dramatic or physical break, use split; and for official or spatial division, use partition. For example: "We divided the pizza among four of us," "A curtain separates the bedroom from the living area," "The team split over the new policy," and "The treaty partitioned the region into two zones."

Common collocations

Nouns

Phrases

  • digital divide
  • great divide
  • divide and conquer
  • divide and rule
  • bridge the divide
  • widen the divide

Etymology

LatinOld FrenchEnglish

Divide traces back to the Latin verb dīvidere, meaning 'to separate, to force apart, to distribute.' The Latin root combines the prefix dī- (a variant of dis- 'apart') with -videre (related to vidua 'widow,' literally meaning 'a separated woman'). The word entered English in the 14th century through Old French divider, and its mathematical sense — splitting a number into equal parts — developed before the 16th century. The noun sense (as in 'the digital divide') emerged much later, in the mid-20th century, extending the idea of separation from physical objects to abstract gaps between groups.