bull

bull — noun

1. an adult male in the cattle family; the word is also used for the male of certai

1.nounB1
Definition

an adult male in the cattle family; the word is also used for the male of certain other huge animals, especially elephants and some sea mammals.

Example

The bull stood by the gate while the calves drank nearby.

bull with calves shows cattle meaning

At the zoo, a bull elephant sprayed water over the fence.

bull + animal name for male

Common collocations
  • bull elephant
  • bull whale
  • breeding bull
  • angry bull
Synonyms
  • ox

    usually a trained working animal, often not the same as an uncastrated bull

  • bullock

    used for a young or castrated male cow in some varieties of English

Antonyms
  • cow

    the female animal

Grammar Patterns

a bull elephant

a bull whale

the bull in the field

Usage Note

Usually names the male animal itself. Before another animal word, it can show sex, as in 'bull elephant' or 'bull seal'.

Common Mistakes

That cow in the next field is a bull.
That bull in the next field is the male animal.
'bull' is male; 'cow' is female.

2. an investor who believes prices will climb and buys in order to sell later for m

2.nounC1
Definition

an investor who believes prices will climb and buys in order to sell later for more money.

Example

After the rate cut, every bull on the trading floor was smiling.

bull on the trading floor

Ines stayed a bull on airline shares before the summer rush.

be a bull on + shares

Common collocations
  • market bull
  • bull on tech stocks
  • bullish investor
  • bulls and bears
Synonyms
  • optimist

    broader word; not limited to investing

  • buyer

    general market word; does not itself imply a rising-price view

  • speculator

    focuses on risky buying and selling, not necessarily on expecting rises

Antonyms
  • bear

    an investor who expects prices to fall

Grammar Patterns

a bull on + shares/commodities

bulls and bears

Usage Note

Common in market talk, often in contrast with 'bear'. The subject expects prices to move upward, not downward.

Common Mistakes

A bull expects prices to fall.
A bull expects prices to rise.
if someone expects prices to fall, that person is a bear, not a bull.

3. talk or ideas that you reject as foolish, false, or simply made up.

3.nounB2
Definition

talk or ideas that you reject as foolish, false, or simply made up.

Example

That's bull, and everyone in the room knew it at once.

fixed reaction: That's bull

Grandpa called bull on the rumor about free flights for everyone.

call bull on + rumor/story

Common collocations
  • talk bull
  • a load of bull
  • call bull on a story
  • pure bull
Synonyms
  • nonsense

    neutral and less blunt

  • rubbish

    common British informal alternative

  • garbage

    informal, especially in North American English

Antonyms
  • truth

    what is actually true rather than invented

  • fact

    a piece of information that can be shown to be true

Grammar Patterns

That's bull

call bull on + noun

Usage Note

Mostly heard in speech or informal writing. It often appears after 'that's' or in the pattern 'call bull on ...' when you openly reject a claim.

Common Mistakes

The report was full of bulls.
The report was full of bull.
this sense is usually an uncountable mass noun, not a regular plural count noun.

4. a formal letter from the Pope that announces an important church decision, rule,

4.nounC2
Definition

a formal letter from the Pope that announces an important church decision, rule, or command.

Example

In 1521, the Pope issued a bull against Martin Luther.

issue a bull

The museum displayed a papal bull with the Pope's lead seal broken.

a bull as a sealed document

Common collocations
  • papal bull
  • issue a bull
  • read a bull aloud
  • seal a bull
Synonyms
  • decree

    broader word for an official order, not specifically from the Pope

  • edict

    formal order from an authority

  • proclamation

    public official announcement; broader than this church sense

Grammar Patterns

issue a bull

a papal bull

Usage Note

Usually appears in historical or church writing, often as 'papal bull'. Distinguish from sense 3: this is an official document, not foolish talk.

5. the small middle point of a target, or a shot that lands exactly there.

5.nounC1
Definition

the small middle point of a target, or a shot that lands exactly there.

Example

Nadia's second dart hit the bull and won the game.

hit the bull

From fifty meters away, the arrow landed just outside the bull.

the bull as target center

Common collocations
  • hit the bull
  • score a bull
  • clean bull
  • inner ring and bull
Synonyms
  • bull's-eye

    the fuller and more familiar form in everyday English

  • center

    general word, not limited to target games

Antonyms
  • miss

    a shot that does not hit the center

Grammar Patterns

hit the bull

score a bull

Usage Note

Used in archery, darts, and similar target sports. It can name the center itself or one exact hit in that center.

Idioms

A person who behaves in a clumsy or rough way where careful behavior is needed.

Maya entered the meeting like a bull in a china shop, knocking over a cup.

Don't be a bull in a china shop when you handle the antique vase.

Something that is certain to make someone very angry.

Mentioning his ex-wife to him is like waving a red flag in front of a bull.

Bringing up politics at dinner was like waving a red flag in front of a bull.

To have a casual and informal conversation.

After work, Brian and his friends shot the breeze at the park.

We sat on the porch, shooting the breeze until midnight.

To deal with a difficult problem in a brave and direct way.

Sara took the bull by the horns and asked her boss for a raise.

Instead of waiting, Diego took the bull by the horns and fixed the leak.

bull — verb

Word family

  • bullish
    adjectiveC1
  • bullishly
    adverbC2
  • bullishness
    nounC2

Synonym discussion

Sense: noun/1

These animal words are related, but they do not mean the same thing. 'Bull' is the adult male in the cattle family, especially when sex matters: 'The bull was kept away from the calves.' 'Cow' is the adult female. 'Ox' often means a strong working animal trained to pull heavy loads, so it describes job and use more than sex. 'Bullock' is used in some places for a young male or a castrated male cow, not for every adult bull. 'Calf' is the young animal before it becomes fully grown. So if you are talking about breeding or male animals in general, choose 'bull'; if you mean a farm animal pulling a cart, 'ox' is often better.

bullcowoxbullockcalf

Etymology

Proto-GermanicOld EnglishEnglish

This word goes back to Old English 'bula', from an older Germanic word for the male of cattle. Related forms are found in other Germanic languages such as Dutch and German. The animal meaning is the oldest one in English. Later, English developed figurative uses from ideas linked with the animal's force and directness, including the finance sense for someone expecting prices to rise and the informal sense meaning foolish or false talk.