breed

breed — verb

1. when animals breed, a male and female join and later have babies.

1.verbintransitive
Definition

when animals breed, a male and female join and later have babies.

Example

Wild rabbits breed quickly when spring weather stays warm and dry.

animals breed + adverb

On the island, sea turtles breed near the beach each summer.

breed near + place

Common collocations
  • breed quickly
  • breed in spring
  • breed near water
  • breed during summer
Synonyms
  • mate

    focuses on the act of joining with a partner, not the later birth

  • reproduce

    broader and more scientific; not limited to animals

Grammar Patterns

[animal] + breeds

breed in/near + place

breed during + season

Usage Note

Used mainly for animals in ordinary English. Distinguish from sense 2, which is broader and can also describe plants, insects, or bacteria in biology contexts.

Common Mistakes

Rabbits breeded twice a year.
Rabbits bred twice a year.
The past tense is irregular: 'bred', not 'breeded'.

2. when plants, insects, or other living things breed, they produce more of the sam

2.verbintransitive
Definition

when plants, insects, or other living things breed, they produce more of the same kind.

Example

Bacteria breed fast in warm milk left on the table.

subject can be bacteria

These pond plants breed only after spring floods fill the ditches.

subject can be plants

Common collocations
  • breed fast
  • breed in warm conditions
  • breed after rain
  • breed every few weeks
Synonyms
  • reproduce

    the closest general equivalent; more formal and scientific

  • multiply

    emphasises increasing numbers rather than the biological process

  • propagate

    formal; especially common for plants or cells in technical writing

Grammar Patterns

[organism] + breeds

breed in + conditions

breed after + event

Usage Note

Common in biology or science writing. Distinguish from sense 1 by its wider range of subjects: it can describe plants or very small living things, not only mating animals.

Common Mistakes

Bacteria are bred fast in warm milk.
Bacteria breed fast in warm milk.
Use the active verb when the organisms reproduce by themselves.

3. to raise animals or plants so they have young with qualities you want.

3.verbtransitive / intransitiveB2
Definition

to raise animals or plants so they have young with qualities you want.

Example

Leila breeds sheep for wool on a farm near Inverness.

breed + object + for purpose

These roses were bred from two hardy plants at the Kyoto nursery.

passive: be bred from

Common collocations
  • breed sheep for wool
  • breed dogs
  • breed roses
  • breed from strong stock
  • breed in captivity
Synonyms
  • raise

    broader; focuses on keeping and caring for animals, not necessarily controlled reproduction

  • rear

    close in meaning but slightly more formal, especially for young animals

  • grow

    the usual word for plants when reproduction is not the main point

  • crossbreed

    more specific; combines two different lines or varieties

Grammar Patterns

breed animals/plants

breed something for + purpose

be bred from + parent stock

Usage Note

Often takes a direct object naming the animal or plant. Add 'for' to show the goal and 'from' to name the parent stock used to produce the new line.

Common Mistakes

They breeded dogs for racing.
They bred dogs for racing.
The past tense is 'bred'.
They breed sheep to wool.
They breed sheep for wool.
Purpose after this sense is usually introduced by 'for'.

4. to gradually create a feeling or condition, often an unwanted one.

4.verbtransitiveC2
Definition

to gradually create a feeling or condition, often an unwanted one.

Example

Long waits at the clinic breed anger among tired patients.

breed + negative feeling

Private budget talks can breed distrust among nurses on the night shift.

breed distrust among + group

Common collocations
  • breed fear
  • breed distrust
  • breed resentment
  • breed confidence
  • breed anger
Synonyms
  • cause

    the broadest equivalent; less gradual and less vivid than 'breed'

  • create

    neutral and common; can be positive or negative

  • foster

    often used for encouraging growth, sometimes positive

  • spark

    suggests a sudden start rather than slow development

Antonyms
  • reduce

    to make a feeling or problem smaller

  • prevent

    to stop something from starting

Grammar Patterns

breed + feeling

breed + situation

Usage Note

Object is usually an abstract noun such as fear, distrust, resentment, or confidence. This sense is more common in writing than in casual spoken English.

Common Mistakes

The speech bred people angry.
The speech bred anger among people.
This sense takes a noun like 'anger' or 'fear', not an adjective.
Idioms

Someone who is born and bred in a place was born there and grew up there.

Maya is a New Yorker, born and bred.

He was born and bred in a small fishing village.

If people or animals breed like rabbits, they produce many babies very quickly.

Those stray cats breed like rabbits in the summer.

In the story, the magical creatures breed like rabbits.

When you know someone or something very well, you may start to dislike or disrespect them.

After years together, familiarity bred contempt between the partners.

The saying goes that familiarity breeds contempt in long friendships.

breed — noun

Word family

  • breeder
    nounB2
  • breeding
    nounC1
  • well-bred
    adjectiveC1

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/3

In sense 3, breed is more specific than raise, rear, or grow. If you breed animals or plants, you control reproduction so the young have qualities you want, such as softer wool or stronger flowers. Raise is broader: a farmer can raise sheep or chickens even when reproduction is not the focus. Rear is close to raise but slightly more formal, especially for young animals. Grow is the normal word for plants, but it does not by itself suggest choosing parent plants. Crossbreed is narrower still, because it means mixing two different lines. A farmer may raise sheep, but a specialist breeds sheep for better wool. A gardener can grow roses, but a nursery breeds new roses from strong parent plants.

Etymology

Old EnglishEnglish

The word comes from Old English 'bredan'. In early use, it referred to bringing up, keeping warm, or producing young. From that base, English developed the modern verb for animals and plants producing offspring, and for people guiding that process for a purpose. The noun grew from the same family and came to mean a line or type, especially of animals. Later, English also extended the verb to abstract results, as in phrases like 'breed fear' or 'breed distrust'.