bite

bite — verb

1. to press your teeth into food, an object, or a person's body, often to cut a pie

1.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

to press your teeth into food, an object, or a person's body, often to cut a piece off, hold it firmly, or hurt them.

Example

Zara bit into the warm apple and felt the juice run down her chin.

bite into + food noun

The neighbour's dog bit Tomás on the leg while he was jogging in the park.

bite + person + on + body part

Common collocations
  • bite into an apple
  • bite your nails
  • bite your lip
  • bite off a piece
Synonyms
  • chew

    involves repeated grinding with teeth, not a single press

  • gnaw

    to keep biting at something hard over time, e.g. a bone

  • nip

    a small, quick bite, often playful

Grammar Patterns

bite + noun

bite into + noun

bite (off) a piece of + noun

Usage Note

Subject is usually a person or animal with teeth or jaws; the object is often food or a body part. Distinguish from sense 3 (snake/insect) where there are no real teeth involved.

Common Mistakes

The dog bited me yesterday.
The dog bit me yesterday.
past tense is 'bit', past participle 'bitten'.
He bit on the apple.
He bit into the apple.
for sinking teeth into food, use 'bite into'.

2. of a fish — to take the food attached to a fishing line into its mouth, so that

2.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

of a fish — to take the food attached to a fishing line into its mouth, so that the angler can catch it.

Example

The trout weren't biting that morning, so Grandpa packed up his rods early.

intransitive: subject = fish, no object

Olu waited two hours by the lake before a single carp finally bit.

single fish + bit (past simple)

Common collocations
  • the fish are biting
  • trout were biting
  • not biting today
Synonyms
  • nibble

    to take small tastes of bait without being fully hooked

  • take the bait

    fixed phrase, same idea

Grammar Patterns

the fish + bite (no object)

Usage Note

Used only intransitively. The subject is always a fish or fish species; no human or other animal can be the subject in this sense.

Common Mistakes

The fish bit my hook into.
The fish bit my hook.' or ✅ 'The fish was biting.
no preposition needed.

3. of a small creature such as a mosquito, ant, or snake — to make a small painful

3.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

of a small creature such as a mosquito, ant, or snake — to make a small painful hole in someone's skin, sometimes leaving poison behind.

Example

Lior was bitten by mosquitoes all over her arms during the camping trip.

passive: be bitten by + insect

A small green snake bit the farmer's ankle as he walked through the long grass.

active: snake + bite + body part

Common collocations
  • bitten by a mosquito
  • snake bit
  • ant bites
  • get bitten
Synonyms
  • sting

    more accurate for bees and wasps, which use a pointed tail rather than mouth

  • nip

    a small, less serious bite

Grammar Patterns

bite + person

be bitten by + creature

Usage Note

Frequently appears in the passive (be bitten by). Subject is a small animal that pierces the skin rather than chews; for animals with full jaws like dogs, use sense 1.

Common Mistakes

I was bited by a mosquito.
I was bitten by a mosquito.
past participle is 'bitten', not 'bited'.

4. of a policy, tax, or difficult situation — to start to cause real harm or hardsh

4.verbintransitiveC1
Definition

of a policy, tax, or difficult situation — to start to cause real harm or hardship that people clearly feel.

Example

Higher fuel prices are starting to bite for families on low incomes.

start to bite + for + group affected

The new import tax really began to bite when small shops closed across the town.

begin to bite + concrete result

Common collocations
  • start to bite
  • really bite
  • sanctions bite
Synonyms
  • hurt

    more general; 'bite' suggests slow, gradual pressure

  • take effect

    neutral; 'bite' carries a clearly negative tone

Antonyms
  • ease

    to become less severe

Grammar Patterns

something + bite (no object)

begin/start to bite

Usage Note

Subject is usually an abstract force like a tax, sanction, recession, or weather event — not a person. Often paired with 'start to', 'begin to', or 'really'.

Common Mistakes

The tax bit my budget.
The tax began to bite, and my budget got tighter.
used intransitively, not with a direct object.

5. to show that you are interested in a deal, suggestion, or trick, usually by agre

5.verbintransitiveC1
Definition

to show that you are interested in a deal, suggestion, or trick, usually by agreeing to talk further or accepting it.

Example

We dropped the price by ten percent, but no buyers were biting.

no one biting + sales context

Tomás offered Zara a free trial, hoping she would bite.

hope + someone + bite (informal)

Common collocations
  • nobody is biting
  • finally bite
  • bite at an offer
Synonyms
  • go for

    to choose or accept something offered

  • fall for

    implies being tricked, more negative than 'bite'

Antonyms
  • refuse

    to clearly say no to an offer

Grammar Patterns

someone + bite (no object)

bite at + offer

Usage Note

Informal, often in business or sales contexts. Echoes sense 2 (fish biting bait) — the offer is the bait and the person is the fish. Distinguish from sense 1: nothing is actually bitten with teeth here.

Common Mistakes

She bit the offer immediately.
She bit at the offer immediately.' or ✅ 'She bit immediately.
used intransitively, not with the offer as object.
Phrasal verbs

bite back

phrasal verb

To stop yourself from saying something or showing a feeling.

She bit back a sarcastic reply and stayed quiet.

He bit back his anger and smiled politely.

bite into

phrasal verb

To cut into something with your teeth, or to reduce something gradually.

The apple was so crisp that it was easy to bite into.

Rising costs are biting into our profits this quarter.

Idioms

To become very interested or excited about something.

After his trip to Japan, Tom was bitten by the sushi bug.

Mia got bitten by the photography bug and bought a new camera.

To force yourself to do something difficult or unpleasant that you have been avoiding.

Sara bit the bullet and finally went to the dentist.

We had to bite the bullet and sell our old car.

To fail, be defeated, or stop existing.

Many small shops bite the dust during the recession.

Our team bit the dust in the first round of the tournament.

To harm or be ungrateful to someone who has helped you.

He bit the hand that fed him by quitting without notice.

Criticizing your boss is like biting the hand that feeds you.

To speak to someone very angrily, often for no good reason.

When I asked a simple question, she bit my head off.

Don't snap his head off; he was just trying to help.

To stop yourself from showing emotion or saying something.

Lisa bit her lip to keep from laughing during the meeting.

He bit his lip and remained silent despite the insult.

To try to do something that is too difficult or too much for you.

By taking five classes, I bit off more than I could chew.

Don't bite off more than you can chew; start with one project.

To stop yourself from saying something that might cause trouble.

I bit my tongue when my friend made a rude comment.

She wanted to argue but bit her tongue instead.

An alcoholic drink taken to cure a hangover from drinking too much the night before.

He ordered a Bloody Mary as a hair of the dog.

After the party, she had a beer for the hair of the dog.

After a bad experience, you become cautious about similar situations.

Once bitten, twice shy; she never invested in risky stocks again.

After being cheated, he is once bitten, twice shy about online deals.

bite — noun

Word family

  • bit
    verb (past)B1
  • bitten
    verb (past participle)B1
  • biting
    adjectiveC1
  • biter
    nounC2

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

All five verbs involve teeth, but they differ in force, repetition, and size. 'Bite' is a single, decisive action — pressing or sinking the teeth in once, as when Zara bites into an apple. 'Chew' continues from there: it means to keep grinding the food with your back teeth before swallowing, so you bite first and chew afterwards. 'Gnaw' is slow and persistent, suggesting hard work on something tough — a dog gnawing a bone, or rats gnawing through wood. 'Nibble' is gentle and small: a child nibbles a biscuit, or a fish nibbles bait without committing. 'Nip' is quick and sharp, often playful or mildly painful, like a puppy nipping your fingers. Choose 'bite' for the basic action; the others narrow it by force, length, or playfulness.

bitechewgnawnibblenip

Common collocations

Phrases

  • take a bite of
  • grab a bite
  • a bite to eat
  • love at first bite
  • bark is worse than its bite

Prepositions

  • bite into (food)
  • bite on (object)
  • bite at (offer)
  • bitten by (creature)

Etymology

Proto-Indo-EuropeanProto-GermanicOld EnglishMiddle EnglishEnglish

'Bite' comes from Old English 'bītan', meaning to cut into with teeth. It belongs to a wide Germanic family — Dutch 'bijten', German 'beissen', Swedish 'bita' all share the same root. Further back, scholars trace the word to a Proto-Indo-European root meaning to split or cleave, which also gave Latin 'findere' (to split) and the English word 'fission'. The basic tooth-and-jaw meaning has been stable for over a thousand years; the figurative senses — about taxes biting, food having bite, or someone biting at an offer — all developed later in English by extending the picture of teeth pressing into something.