sexual

sexual — adjective

1. Describing things that involve or relate to the physical act of sex between peop

1.adjectiveB1
Definition

Describing things that involve or relate to the physical act of sex between people, including related feelings, behaviour, and attraction.

Example

Many TV channels now show warnings before broadcasting sexual scenes in films.

collocation: sexual scenes / sexual content

The survey asked teenagers about their sexual behaviour and personal attitudes.

collocation: sexual behaviour

Common collocations
  • sexual content
  • sexual behaviour
  • sexual activity
  • sexual relations
  • sexual assault
  • sexual harassment
  • sexual abuse
  • sexual education
  • sexual desire
  • sexual scenes
Synonyms
  • erotic

    More narrowly focused on arousing sexual desire; less clinical than 'sexual'.

  • intimate

    Broader meaning that includes emotional closeness; does not always imply physical sex.

  • carnal

    Very formal or literary; emphasises bodily or physical aspects over emotional ones.

Antonyms
  • platonic

    Describes a relationship that involves no sexual feelings or physical intimacy.

  • asexual

    Describes a person who experiences little or no sexual attraction to others.

Grammar Patterns

sexual + noun

Usage Note

Frequently appears in formal and legal contexts — education, media ratings, law, and journalism. Common in compound phrases such as sexual content, sexual behaviour, sexual assault, and sexual harassment.

Common Mistakes

My friend has a sexual relationship with her neighbour' (when you mean a close friendship).
My friend is in a sexual relationship with her neighbour.
'sexual relationship' specifically implies physical intimacy; for friendships use 'close relationship' or 'romantic relationship.'

2. Relating to the way that plants, animals, and other living things produce offspr

2.adjectiveB2
Definition

Relating to the way that plants, animals, and other living things produce offspring through the joining of male and female cells, rather than through simple splitting or budding.

Example

Sexual reproduction in flowering plants requires the transfer of pollen between blossoms.

collocation: sexual reproduction

Many simple organisms can reproduce both sexually and through ordinary cell division.

contrast: sexually vs. by cell division (asexual)

Common collocations
  • sexual reproduction
  • sexual organs
  • sexual development
  • sexual cells
  • sexual crossing
  • sexual maturity
Synonyms
  • reproductive

    Broader term covering both sexual and asexual reproduction.

  • generative

    Formal term for the capacity to produce offspring; less common in everyday use.

Antonyms
  • asexual

    Describes reproduction that does not involve the joining of male and female cells.

Grammar Patterns

sexual + noun (biology)

Usage Note

Used mainly in biology, botany, and agriculture. The opposite process is asexual reproduction (e.g. binary fission in bacteria, budding in yeast). This sense never refers to human sexual activity.

Common Mistakes

Bacteria use sexual reproduction to multiply.
Bacteria use asexual reproduction through binary fission to multiply.
Most bacteria do not reproduce sexually; save this word for organisms that combine male and female cells.

3. Relating to the physical features — such as chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy —

3.adjectiveB2
Definition

Relating to the physical features — such as chromosomes, hormones, and anatomy — that place a person into a sex group: male, female, or a mixture of both sex traits.

Example

Doctors examined the newborn baby's sexual characteristics during the first health check.

collocation: sexual characteristics

The biology class discussed how sexual development begins long before a baby is born.

collocation: sexual development

Common collocations
  • sexual characteristics
  • sexual development
  • sexual hormones
  • sexual differentiation
  • sexual category
  • sexual dimorphism
Synonyms
  • biological

    Broader term covering all biological traits; only implies sex when the context makes it clear.

  • sex-based

    More precise when distinguishing between categories based on sex; used in legal and medical writing.

Grammar Patterns

sexual + noun (biology / medicine)

Usage Note

Distinguish from sense 1 (SEXUAL ACTIVITY): sense 3 refers to biological sex categories and physical traits, not to sexual behaviour or feelings. Common in medical records, legal documents, and scientific research. Not interchangeable with 'gender,' which involves social and personal identity.

Common Mistakes

Sexual identity' and 'gender identity' mean the same thing.
Sexual identity often refers to biological sex, while gender identity relates to a person's internal sense of self.
In Taiwan's discourse, these terms have distinct meanings and should not be used interchangeably.

Word family

  • sex
    nounA2
  • sexuality
    nounB2
  • sexually
    adverbB2
  • sexualise
    verbC1
  • asexual
    adjectiveC1
  • heterosexual
    adjectiveB2
  • homosexual
    adjectiveB2
  • bisexual
    adjectiveB2

Synonym discussion

Sense: adjective/1

All four words relate to physical or romantic connection, but they differ in scope and connotation. 'Sexual' is the broadest and most clinical term, covering any aspect of physical sex, desire, and behaviour — used in law, education, and medicine. 'Erotic' narrows the focus to the arousal of sexual desire, often in art, literature, or fantasy, and carries a more subjective, emotional tone. 'Intimate' is the gentlest of the group, emphasising emotional closeness and private connection; it may or may not include physical sexuality depending on the context ('an intimate conversation' is non-sexual, while 'an intimate encounter' may be). 'Sensual' highlights pleasure derived from the senses — touch, taste, smell — and is not limited to sexual contexts; a sensual meal or a sensual massage can be completely non-sexual. Choose 'sexual' when you need precision and formality, 'erotic' for deliberately arousing content, 'intimate' for private emotional bonds, and 'sensual' for physical pleasure broadly.

Common collocations

Adverbs

  • sexually

Phrases

  • sexual orientation

Etymology

LatinFrenchEnglish

The word 'sexual' comes from the Latin adjective 'sexualis,' meaning 'relating to sex,' which was formed from 'sexus' ('sex' or 'gender'). It entered English in the early 17th century through French ('sexuel'), initially used mostly in biological and legal writing. Over time its meaning broadened to cover human behaviour, attraction, and identity.