series

series — noun

1. a group of events, actions, or things that follow each other in order and are co

1.nounA2
Definition

a group of events, actions, or things that follow each other in order and are connected in some way

Example

A series of earthquakes shook the coastal town last spring.

a series of + plural noun as subject

Ziad attended a series of workshops on renewable energy.

a series of + noun for ordered events

Common collocations
  • a series of events
  • a series of incidents
  • a series of meetings
  • a series of articles
  • a series of tests
Synonyms
  • sequence

    focuses on the order in which things happen; more formal than 'series'

  • chain

    emphasises that each event is linked to the next, often with a cause-effect connection

  • succession

    formal; stresses that one thing follows another without interruption

Antonyms
  • single event

    a one-time occurrence rather than a connected group

Grammar Patterns

a series of + plural noun + singular verb

Usage Note

The phrase 'a series of' is followed by a plural noun but typically takes a singular verb: 'A series of meetings IS planned.'

Common Mistakes

A series of lectures are scheduled.
A series of lectures is scheduled.
'series' is singular here, so use a singular verb.
We watched a serie of videos.
We watched a series of videos.
'series' has the same form in singular and plural.

2. a set of games played between two teams, usually over several days or weeks, to

2.nounB1
Definition

a set of games played between two teams, usually over several days or weeks, to decide which team wins overall

Example

The Yankees won the first two games of the World Series.

proper noun + Series for major sporting event

Brazil and Argentina will play a five-match series next summer.

[number]-match/game series

Common collocations
  • World Series
  • championship series
  • playoff series
  • five-game series
  • home series
  • road series
Synonyms
  • playoff

    a series of games to decide a championship; more limited in scope

  • tournament

    a competition involving many teams, not just two

Grammar Patterns

the [name] + series

a [number]-game series

Common Mistakes

The series have five games.
The series has five games.
even in sports, 'series' takes a singular verb.

3. a method of connecting electrical components along a single pathway, where the c

3.nounB2
Definition

a method of connecting electrical components along a single pathway, where the current must travel through each component in turn

Example

In a series circuit, if one bulb fails, all the other bulbs go dark.

in a series circuit — contrasting with parallel

The technician connected the two resistors in series to increase the total resistance.

connected in series

Common collocations
  • in series
  • series circuit
  • series connection
  • wired in series
  • connected in series
Synonyms
Antonyms
  • parallel

    an arrangement where current flows through multiple branches at the same time

Grammar Patterns

connected in series

in series with + noun

Usage Note

This sense is almost always used in the phrase 'in series' or 'series circuit'. It contrasts with 'parallel', where current flows through multiple branches at once.

Common Mistakes

The batteries are connected on series.
The batteries are connected in series.
always use 'in', not 'on'.

4. a group of TV or radio shows built around a shared topic, characters, or style,

4.nounA2
Definition

a group of TV or radio shows built around a shared topic, characters, or style, broadcast on a regular schedule

Example

The Netflix series about a chef in Tokyo became hugely popular.

series about [topic] — introducing subject

Élise never missed an episode of her favourite radio series.

Common collocations
  • TV series
  • radio series
  • documentary series
  • drama series
  • comedy series
  • mini-series
Synonyms
  • programme

    broader term; can refer to a single broadcast, not necessarily a set

  • show

    informal; often interchangeable with 'series' in everyday speech

Grammar Patterns

a [genre] series

the [title] series

Usage Note

A 'series' covers all episodes across all seasons (e.g. 'the Harry Potter film series' or 'the entire TV series'). A 'season' is the set of episodes released in one year.

Common Mistakes

I watched a series episode.
I watched an episode of the series.
'series' describes the whole programme, not one episode.

5. multiple books issued by the same publisher that share a common topic, storyline

5.nounB1
Definition

multiple books issued by the same publisher that share a common topic, storyline, or characters

Example

The Harry Potter series has sold millions of copies worldwide.

the [title] series — most common pattern

Mayumi collected every volume in the science-fiction series.

Common collocations
  • book series
  • novel series
  • series of books
  • fantasy series
  • mystery series
Synonyms
  • collection

    broader; can refer to any grouped items, not necessarily sequential

  • set

    less specific; may not imply sequential volumes

Grammar Patterns

a [genre] series

the [title] series

a series of [number] books

Common Mistakes

I read the third series of the trilogy.
I read the third book of the series.
'series' refers to the set; individual parts are 'books' or 'volumes'.

6. the sum of the terms in a sequence of numbers or mathematical expressions, which

6.nounC1
Definition

the sum of the terms in a sequence of numbers or mathematical expressions, which may be finite or infinite in length

Example

Joaquín learned in maths class today that the arithmetic series 1 plus 2 plus 3 plus 4 equals 10.

arithmetic series — specific type of series

In calculus class, Kwame learned how to find the sum of an infinite series.

infinite series — series with no end

Common collocations
  • arithmetic series
  • geometric series
  • infinite series
  • convergent series
  • divergent series
  • power series
Synonyms
  • summation

    more general term for adding terms together

Antonyms
  • sequence

    an ordered list of terms, as opposed to their sum

Grammar Patterns

[type] series

the sum of a series

infinite series

Usage Note

In mathematics, a 'sequence' is an ordered list of numbers (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4), while a 'series' is the sum of those numbers (e.g. 1+2+3+4 = 10). Do not confuse the two.

Common Mistakes

The series 1, 2, 3, 4 adds up to 10.
The sum of the series 1+2+3+4 is 10.
a series is the sum itself, not the list of numbers (that is a sequence).

7. several postage stamps designed around the same theme, or a set of coins or bank

7.nounC1
Definition

several postage stamps designed around the same theme, or a set of coins or banknotes produced as a collectible series

Example

The butterfly series of stamps was issued by the post office in 2021.

butterfly series of stamps — theme-based naming

Selim showed his Olympic-series coins from the 1984 games.

Common collocations
  • stamp series
  • coin series
  • commemorative series
  • limited series
Synonyms
  • set

    less formal; used more broadly for any grouped collectible items

Grammar Patterns

a [theme] series of stamps/coins

the [name] series

Word family

  • serial
    adjectiveB2
  • serial
    nounB2
  • serialize
    verbC1
  • serialization
    nounC1
  • serially
    adverbC1

Synonym discussion

Sense: noun/1

All four words describe a group of items or events placed one after another. A 'series' is the most general term — it simply means a connected group in order, with no implication about interruption or cause: 'a series of workshops'. A 'sequence' emphasises the specific order, often with a logical or numerical pattern: 'the sequence of steps in a recipe'. A 'chain' stresses that each link connects to the next, often with a cause-effect relationship: 'a chain of events that led to the accident'. A 'succession' is more formal and implies items following one another without a gap: 'a succession of sunny days'. A 'string' is informal and suggests many items in a row, often unexpectedly: 'a string of bad luck'. For everyday situations where things simply happen one after another, 'series' is the safest and most natural choice.

Common collocations

Phrases

  • a series of

Prepositions

  • in series
  • series of

Etymology

LatinEnglish

The word 'series' comes directly from Latin 'series', meaning 'a row, chain, sequence, succession'. It is related to the verb 'serere', meaning 'to join, link, or bind together'. The word entered English in the early 1600s and has kept both its spelling and its core meaning of connected items over time. The electrical sense appeared in the mid-1700s, the broadcasting sense in the 1920s, and the mathematical sense was already established by the 1700s.