fifteen
Word family
- fifteenthadjectiveA2
- fifteenthnounB1
- fifteen-year-oldadjectiveA2
- fifteen-year-oldnounA2
Synonym discussion
Sense: number/1
Fifteen is the cardinal number (the quantity itself: 'there are fifteen chairs'), while fifteenth is the ordinal, used for position in a sequence ('the fifteenth chapter', 'her fifteenth birthday'). A fifteen-year-old is a noun or adjective describing a person of that age ('a class of fifteen-year-olds'). Unlike fifteen, which is a pure number, fifteen-year-old functions as a compound modifier and takes hyphens. In everyday use, learners need only distinguish cardinal fifteen (quantity) from ordinal fifteenth (position) — a distinction shared with all English number words.
Common collocations
Nouns
- fifteen years
- fifteen minutes
- fifteen dollars
- fifteen students
Phrases
- fifteen years old
- fifteen minutes past
- a quarter past fifteen
Prepositions
- at fifteen
- by fifteen
- over fifteen
Etymology
Fifteen comes from Old English fīftīene, a combination of fīf (five) and tīene (ten). The same structure appears across Germanic languages: German fünfzehn, Dutch vijftien, and Old Norse fimmtán. The modern spelling settled as 'fifteen' in Middle English, replacing earlier forms like 'fiftyne'.