bow

bow — verb

1. to dip from the waist or lower your face for a moment in greeting, respect, than

1.verbtransitive / intransitiveB1
Definition

to dip from the waist or lower your face for a moment in greeting, respect, thanks, or obedience.

Example

At the temple gate, Hana bowed to the old monk before speaking.

bow to + person

After the final song, the singer bowed while the crowd clapped.

performer thanks an audience

Common collocations
  • bow politely
  • bow deeply
  • bow slightly
  • bow before the audience
Synonyms
  • nod

    smaller and less formal, often only a quick greeting

  • bend

    broader physical movement that does not itself suggest politeness

  • curtsy

    traditional gesture with bent knees, used in more limited situations

Antonyms
  • straighten up

    moves back to an upright position instead of lowering the body

Grammar Patterns

bow to [person/audience]

bow your head

Usage Note

Usually intransitive when you greet someone or thank an audience. The transitive pattern is mainly used with words like head.

Common Mistakes

The actors bowed the audience.
The actors bowed to the audience.
when the audience receives the gesture, use 'to'.

2. to make the strings of a violin, cello, or similar instrument sound by moving a

2.verbtransitive / intransitiveC2
Definition

to make the strings of a violin, cello, or similar instrument sound by moving a bow across them.

Example

Mei bowed the violin slowly during the quiet opening of the piece.

bow + [instrument]

The student could pluck the strings, but still could not bow them evenly.

contrast: pluck vs bow

Common collocations
  • bow the violin
  • bow a cello
  • bow the strings
  • smooth bow stroke
Synonyms
  • play

    much broader and does not show the technique used

  • draw

    can describe one movement of the bow, especially in music writing

Antonyms
  • pluck

    makes the string sound by pulling it with fingers instead of using a bow

Grammar Patterns

bow + [string instrument]

Usage Note

Only used for instruments that are played with a separate bow. Distinguish this sense from verb/3, which is about making an object curve.

Common Mistakes

She bowed the guitar.
She strummed the guitar.' / 'She bowed the violin.
this verb is used with instruments played by a bow, not with guitars.

3. to become curved, or to make something become curved, instead of staying straigh

3.verbtransitive / intransitiveB2
Definition

to become curved, or to make something become curved, instead of staying straight.

Example

Heavy snow bowed the thin branch over the garden path.

transitive: weight bows [object]

Years of heat had bowed the wooden shelf in the middle.

Common collocations
  • bow under pressure
  • bow with age
  • bow a branch
  • bow a strip of metal
Synonyms
  • bend

    the usual everyday word for changing shape from straight to curved

  • curve

    focuses more on the resulting shape than on the force causing it

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

[object] bows under weight

bow + [object] into a curve

Usage Note

Most often used for physical things such as wood, branches, or metal under pressure or weight. Distinguish from verb/1, which describes a human gesture.

Phrasal verbs

bow down to

phrasal verb

To accept someone's authority or power over you, often unwillingly.

The villagers refused to bow down to the new ruler.

Diego will not bow down to anyone who threatens his family.

bow out

phrasal verb

To leave a job, competition, or situation gracefully, especially before it ends.

After ten years as CEO, Sara decided to bow out.

The singer bowed out of the contest due to health issues.

bow to

phrasal verb

To accept or obey something, especially after initially resisting.

The company finally bowed to pressure from customers.

Brian bowed to his parents' wishes and studied law.

Idioms

To behave in an extremely polite and humble way toward someone in authority, hoping to win their favor.

The new intern bowed and scraped before the senior manager every day.

Maya refused to bow and scrape just to get a promotion.

bow — noun

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

Bow usually suggests a deliberate forward movement of the head or upper body, often in a formal or respectful situation. Nod is smaller and lighter, and it may only show greeting or agreement for a moment. Bend is the broad physical verb, so it can describe your back, a tree, or a piece of metal, with no idea of politeness. Curtsy is the traditional matching gesture with bent knees, now mostly limited to ceremonies or historical settings. Kneel is stronger than bow because it means going down onto one or both knees, often in prayer or deep respect. At the end of a concert, performers bow; meeting a neighbour, you might only nod; in church, some people kneel.

Etymology

Proto-GermanicOld EnglishEnglish

Modern English bow brings together old Germanic words connected with bending and curved shapes. The gesture verb comes from an Old English verb meaning to bend or stoop. The noun for the weapon, and later the ribbon shape, the musical tool, and the front of a ship, grew from an Old English noun for an arched or curved object. That shared idea of a curve helps explain why so many different senses use the same spelling, even though modern English now pronounces some of them differently.