literature

literature — noun

1. books, stories, poems, and plays that people value as art because of their beaut

1.nounB1
Definition

books, stories, poems, and plays that people value as art because of their beauty, imagination, or deep ideas, rather than for their facts or practical instructions.

Example

In her literature class, Tamar read novels by authors from Japan and Brazil.

literature class + [country] authors

The professor asked the students to compare two works of modern European literature.

modern European literature

Common collocations
  • classical literature
  • modern literature
  • contemporary literature
  • children's literature
  • English literature
  • French literature
  • world literature
Synonyms
  • writings

    broader term — includes non-artistic texts too

  • fiction

    narrower — only invented stories, not poetry, drama, or nonfiction prose

  • letters

    formal/old-fashioned; rarely used in everyday conversation

Antonyms
  • nonfiction

    writing that presents facts rather than artistic imagination

Grammar Patterns

literature + of + language/place/period

literature + modifier (modern/classical/children's)

Usage Note

Often paired with a language, country, or period name (e.g. Japanese literature, Victorian literature). It is uncountable — refer to a single item as a work of literature or a literary work.

Common Mistakes

I read a literature last night.
I read a work of literature last night.
Literature is uncountable; use 'a work of literature' or 'a literary work' for one item.
She studies literatures from around the world.
She studies literature from around the world.
Literature is usually uncountable even when referring to multiple traditions.

2. the collection of published writings, research reports, and articles by experts

2.nounB1
Definition

the collection of published writings, research reports, and articles by experts that deal with a particular subject.

Example

The doctor reviewed the latest medical literature before choosing a treatment.

medical literature + verb review/search

Adisa searched for literature on sustainable farming methods for his research paper.

Common collocations
  • medical literature
  • scientific literature
  • research literature
  • literature review
  • literature on
  • existing literature
  • relevant literature
Synonyms
  • research

    focuses on investigation and findings rather than the published writings themselves

  • publications

    broader — includes any published material, not just by experts

  • scholarship

    formal; emphasises academic quality and method

Grammar Patterns

literature + on/about + topic

literature review

Usage Note

Typically followed by on or about + topic (e.g. literature on climate change). The compound noun literature review is extremely common in academic English and refers to a section of a research paper that summarises existing studies.

Common Mistakes

Where can I find the literature of diabetes?
Where can I find the literature on diabetes?
Use 'on' or 'about', not 'of', when referring to writings about a topic.

3. printed materials such as leaflets, brochures, or newsletters that a company or

3.nounB2
Definition

printed materials such as leaflets, brochures, or newsletters that a company or organization produces to advertise its products, services, or opinions.

Example

The travel agency sent us some literature about holiday packages in Thailand.

literature about [destination/product]

Tariq picked up some literature about solar panels at the home improvement fair.

Common collocations
  • promotional literature
  • sales literature
  • product literature
  • company literature
  • marketing literature
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

literature + about/on + product/topic

Usage Note

Uncountable even here — you cannot say literatures in this sense. In modern business English, the term can also refer to digital brochures and PDFs, not only printed sheets.

Common Mistakes

The company sent me some literatures.
The company sent me some literature.
Remains uncountable even for promotional materials.

4. the activity or profession of writing novels, poems, plays, or other creative wo

4.nounB2
Definition

the activity or profession of writing novels, poems, plays, or other creative works as a paid career or serious artistic pursuit.

Example

After retiring from teaching, Élise decided to devote herself to literature.

devote oneself to literature

Rin hopes to earn a living through literature after finishing her first novel.

Common collocations
  • a life of literature
  • devote oneself to literature
  • enter literature
  • pursue literature
Synonyms
  • writing

    broader and less formal; includes journalism and technical writing

  • authorship

    formal; emphasises being the creator of a written work

Grammar Patterns

pursue/devote oneself to + literature

earn a living through + literature

Usage Note

Less common in everyday speech than sense 1. This sense treats literature as a job or vocation rather than as the body of written works. Students of creative writing and literary criticism are the most likely users.

Common Mistakes

She went into literature as an accountant.
She went into literature after working as an accountant.
When referring to a profession, 'literature' means writing, not an office job in publishing.