fall

fall — verb

1. to drop down suddenly and without meaning to when your body is upright, hitting

1.verbintransitiveA1
Definition

to drop down suddenly and without meaning to when your body is upright, hitting the ground or another surface — used when someone trips, slips, or loses control of their body

Example

Kwame slipped on the wet floor and fell, hurting his elbow.

intransitive: fall + sentence-final position (no object)

The toddler took a few steps and then fell onto the soft carpet.

fall + onto [surface]

Common collocations
  • fall on the floor
  • fall down the stairs
  • fall off a chair
  • fall onto the ground
  • fall flat on your face
Synonyms
  • tumble

    less common, often suggests rolling or an awkward fall

  • collapse

    suggests falling from weakness or a structure giving way, not from tripping

Antonyms
  • rise

    to get up after falling; also opposite in direction

  • stand

    to stay upright without falling

Grammar Patterns

fall + [preposition/phrase of direction or place]

Usage Note

This sense is always intransitive — you cannot 'fall something'. The past tense is 'fell' and the past participle is 'fallen'. Very common with prepositions of location or direction: fall off, fall onto, fall down, fall in.

Common Mistakes

I dropped on the floor.
I fell on the floor.
'drop' is transitive (you drop something); 'fall' is intransitive (you fall yourself).
She felled from the ladder.
She fell from the ladder.
'fell' as a verb means 'to cut down' (a tree); the past tense of 'fall' is 'fell'.

2. to drop so that your face or the front of your body hits the ground or another s

2.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

to drop so that your face or the front of your body hits the ground or another surface first

Example

Rodrigo tripped over the rug and fell flat on his face.

fall flat on one's face

The runner stumbled at the finish line and fell forward onto the track.

Common collocations
  • fall flat on your face
  • fall face down
  • fall forward
Synonyms
  • fall flat

    the most common fixed phrase for landing face down

Grammar Patterns

fall + flat/forward/face down

fall + [preposition] + face/front

Usage Note

Often appears in the fixed phrase 'fall flat on your face'. The emphasis is on the position of landing, not the cause of the fall.

3. If an amount, price, temperature, or level drops, it goes down to a smaller numb

3.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

If an amount, price, temperature, or level drops, it goes down to a smaller number or a less strong state.

Example

The temperature fell sharply after the sun went down.

fall + [adverb of degree]

House prices in the area have fallen by almost ten percent.

fall + by [amount]

Common collocations
  • fall sharply
  • fall dramatically
  • fall steadily
  • fall by half
  • prices fall
  • temperatures fall
  • sales fall
  • numbers fall
Synonyms
  • drop

    more informal and often used for sudden decreases

  • decline

    more formal, suggests a gradual or steady decrease

Antonyms
  • rise

    to go up in amount, level, or value

  • increase

    to become larger in number or amount

Grammar Patterns

fall + by [amount]

fall + from [amount] + to [amount]

fall + [adverb of degree]

Usage Note

Commonly followed by 'by' to indicate the size of the decrease: fall by 10%, fall by half. The opposite of this sense is 'rise' or 'increase'. Do not use this sense for physical height (use 'go down' or 'descend').

Common Mistakes

The price has fallen with 20%.
The price has fallen by 20%.
use 'by', not 'with', to show the amount of decrease.

4. to drop down through the air from above, pulled towards the ground by gravity —

4.verbintransitiveA2
Definition

to drop down through the air from above, pulled towards the ground by gravity — used for rain, snow, leaves, or other objects moving downwards.

Example

Snow fell gently on the rooftops of the old town.

fall + gently / quietly (adverb of manner)

Leaves fall from the trees in early autumn every year.

Common collocations
  • fall gently
  • fall straight down
  • fall from the sky
  • fall to the ground
  • snow falls
  • rain falls
  • leaves fall
Synonyms
  • drop

    suggests a shorter or more controlled downward movement

  • descend

    more formal, implies a gradual downward path

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

fall + from/through/onto [place]

fall + [adverb of direction]

Usage Note

This sense is about things moving downward through air or water — not about people losing balance (see sense 1). 'Fall gently', 'fall straight down', and 'fall like [something]' are common patterns.

Common Mistakes

The airplane fell to the ground' (for a normal landing).
The airplane descended / came down to the ground.
'fall' suggests an accident, not a controlled movement.

5. to bend your legs and lower your body until your knees are on the ground, often

5.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

to bend your legs and lower your body until your knees are on the ground, often as a sign of respect, worship, or strong emotion

Example

The knight fell to one knee before the queen.

fall + to + [body part]

Hui fell to her knees and begged for forgiveness.

fall to one's knees

Common collocations
  • fall to your knees
  • fall on your knees
  • fall to the ground
  • fall before someone
Synonyms
  • kneel

    describes the position already on the knees, not the action of getting there

Antonyms
  • stand up

    to rise from a kneeling position

Grammar Patterns

fall + to + [body part]

fall + on + [body part]

Usage Note

The most common collocation is 'fall to your knees'. 'Fall on your knees' also occurs. This sense is intentional — unlike sense 1, the person chooses to fall down onto their knees.

Common Mistakes

She felled down on her knees.
She fell to her knees.
'fell' as a transitive verb means 'to cut down'; the intransitive past of 'fall' is 'fell'.

6. if the curtain in a theatre falls, it moves downwards to hide the stage at the e

6.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

if the curtain in a theatre falls, it moves downwards to hide the stage at the end of a performance, signalling that the play or show is over

Example

When the curtain fell, the audience clapped for five full minutes.

when + the curtain falls

The curtain fell just as the actors took their final bow.

Common collocations
  • the curtain falls
  • when the curtain falls
  • after the curtain falls
Synonyms
  • come down

    a more general way to describe the curtain's movement

Antonyms
  • rise

    the curtain rises at the start of a performance

Grammar Patterns

the curtain falls

when the curtain falls

Usage Note

This is a fixed expression — only the theatre curtain 'falls'. You cannot say 'the curtain fell down'. This sense is also used metaphorically in writing to signal the end of an era or event.

7. to be part of a certain group, category, or field of activity

7.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

to be part of a certain group, category, or field of activity

Example

The documents fall into three main groups: personal, financial, and legal.

fall + into + category noun phrase

This question falls under the heading of international trade law.

fall + under + heading/field noun

Common collocations
  • fall into a category
  • fall under a heading
  • fall within a field
  • fall into a group
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

fall + into/under/within + noun phrase

Usage Note

Commonly followed by 'into', 'under', or 'within' to show which group something belongs to. This sense typically does not use the continuous form ('is falling into').

Common Mistakes

This falls to the category of mammals.
This falls into the category of mammals.
'fall to' means 'become someone's responsibility'; use 'fall into' for classification.

8. to move into a different state or condition, often without planning or control

8.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

to move into a different state or condition, often without planning or control

Example

Mert fell asleep on the train after a long day at work.

fall + asleep — common state-change collocation

Iris fell in love with the old town during her very first visit.

fall + in love — emotional state change

Common collocations
  • fall asleep
  • fall silent
  • fall ill
  • fall in love
  • fall into disrepair
  • fall into a coma
Synonyms
  • become

    much more general; 'fall' adds the nuance of suddenness or passiveness

  • go

    informal; 'go silent', 'go crazy' — similar but slightly more active

Antonyms
  • stay

    to remain in the same state

Grammar Patterns

fall + adjective

fall + into/in + noun phrase

Usage Note

Commonly used with a limited set of adjectives (asleep, silent, ill, due, pregnant) and nouns following 'into' (disrepair, ruin, decay, disuse, a coma). Often describes a sudden or passive change that the subject does not control.

Common Mistakes

She fell angrily when she heard the news.
She fell silent when she heard the news.
'fall' in this sense pairs with specific state adjectives (silent, ill, asleep), not general emotions.

9. to be defeated, to lose a position of authority or power, or to fail completely

9.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

to be defeated, to lose a position of authority or power, or to fail completely

Example

The government fell after losing the support of its coalition partners.

fall = lose power (of a government)

The Roman Empire finally fell after centuries of ruling much of Europe.

Common collocations
  • a government falls
  • an empire falls
  • a regime falls
  • a company falls
Synonyms
  • collapse

    more dramatic; suggests sudden and complete failure

  • be overthrown

    specifically of governments or rulers, often by force

Antonyms
  • survive

    to continue to exist despite difficulties

  • prevail

    formal; to win or succeed

Grammar Patterns

fall + adverb/preposition

Usage Note

Typically used of governments, leaders, political parties, empires, and large institutions. Not used for individual defeat in sports or games — use 'lose' or 'be defeated' instead.

Common Mistakes

The team fell 3–0 in the final.
The team lost 3
0 in the final.' — For sports, use 'lose' or 'be defeated'; 'fall' for defeat is reserved for regimes, empires, and institutions.

10. when a place like a town or fortress is captured by opposing forces during a war

10.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

when a place like a town or fortress is captured by opposing forces during a war or election

Example

The city fell to the enemy after a siege that lasted six months.

fall + to + conqueror — place captured in war

The ancient fortress fell when the attackers discovered a hidden tunnel beneath the walls.

Common collocations
  • a city falls
  • a fortress falls
  • fall to the enemy
  • fall to rebel forces
Synonyms
  • be captured

    more general; can be used for people and objects, not just places

  • be taken

    slightly less formal than 'fall' in this context

Antonyms

Grammar Patterns

fall + to + noun phrase

Usage Note

Used specifically of geographic or strategic locations (cities, forts, capitals, castles) in the context of war or political takeover. The captor is introduced by 'to', and the cause or manner by a following clause or phrase.

Common Mistakes

The army fell the city in one night.
The city fell to the army in one night.
'Fall' is intransitive; the place falls, not the attacker. Use 'capture' or 'take' as the transitive verb.

11. if a soldier falls, he or she is killed while fighting in a war

11.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

if a soldier falls, he or she is killed while fighting in a war

Example

Many brave soldiers fell during the Battle of the Somme in the First World War.

fall + during + battle — die in combat

Tariro's great-grandfather fell in combat during the war of independence.

Common collocations
  • fall in battle
  • fall in combat
  • fall defending a place
  • those who fell
Synonyms
  • be killed

    neutral and more general; can be used in any context

  • die in action

    military term for death during combat operations

Antonyms
  • survive

    to continue living through a dangerous situation

Grammar Patterns

fall + in/at + battle/location

Usage Note

A formal or literary word for 'die in battle'. Frequently used in historical writing, war memorials, and commemorative language. Never used for accidental death outside of combat.

Common Mistakes

He fell off his horse during the war and died.
He fell in battle during the war.
'Fall' meaning 'die in battle' is reserved for combat death, not accidental death.

12. in the sport of cricket, the stumps are said to fall when the bowler or a fielde

12.verbintransitiveC1
Definition

in the sport of cricket, the stumps are said to fall when the bowler or a fielder dismisses a batter, ending their time at the crease

Example

The third wicket fell just before lunch, putting the team in serious trouble.

wicket + fall = batter is out

The opening batter's wicket fell early when he edged the ball to the wicketkeeper.

Common collocations
  • a wicket falls
  • wickets fall quickly
  • the first wicket falls

Grammar Patterns

wicket + fall + adverb

Usage Note

A technical cricket term. Only the wicket 'falls', not the batter. Used in match commentary and written reports. Outside of cricket this sense does not apply.

Common Mistakes

The player fell in the first over.
The wicket fell in the first over.
In cricket terminology, the wicket falls, not the player.

13. (of an event, holiday, or special day) to happen on a particular date or during

13.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

(of an event, holiday, or special day) to happen on a particular date or during a particular period of time.

Example

Chinese New Year falls in late January or February every year.

fall + in + month/season

The graduation ceremony falls on a Friday this year, so Nia's parents will watch.

fall + on + specific day

Common collocations
  • fall on a Monday/Tuesday
  • fall in January/spring
  • fall at the weekend/end of year
Synonyms
  • occur

    more formal; 'fall' is more natural for recurring dates and holidays

  • take place

    formal, used for events rather than calendar dates

Grammar Patterns

fall + on/in/at + (time/place)

Usage Note

Commonly used with the prepositions on, in, or at to indicate the date, month, or season of an annual or planned event.

14. To hang down in a loose or natural way, especially because of weight or gravity.

14.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

To hang down in a loose or natural way, especially because of weight or gravity.

Example

Élise's dark hair fell in soft waves over her shoulders as she read quietly.

hair + falls + over/across/down

The velvet curtains fell to the floor on both sides of the stage.

Common collocations
  • hair falls over/across/down
  • curtains/fabric falls to the floor
  • hair falls in waves/curls
Synonyms
  • hang

    more general; 'fall' adds a sense of natural draping or flowing movement

  • drape

    more decorative, used for fabric arranged in a careful way

Grammar Patterns

fall + preposition/adverb

Usage Note

Subject is typically hair, cloth, fabric, or plant material. Often used with location words like 'over', 'across', 'down', 'into'.

Common Mistakes

The rope falls down from the ceiling.' (sounds like accidental dropping)
The rope hangs down from the ceiling.
For objects that are intentionally positioned, 'hang' is the more neutral verb; 'fall' suggests a draping or flowing quality.

15. If someone's face falls, their expression suddenly changes to show that they are

15.verbintransitiveB2
Definition

If someone's face falls, their expression suddenly changes to show that they are disappointed, sad, or shocked by what they have just seen or heard.

Example

When Tariq heard that the trip was cancelled, his face fell.

face + falls + after bad news

Mia's face fell as she read the rejection letter from her dream university.

Common collocations
  • face falls
  • face fell
  • faces fell
Synonyms
  • sink

    e.g. 'Her heart sank' — describes the feeling; 'face falls' describes the visible reaction

Antonyms
  • light up

    'His face lit up' — the opposite, showing joy or excitement

Grammar Patterns

[possessive] face + falls

Usage Note

This expression is fixed; 'face' is nearly always the subject. It is used only about a change of expression that happens in response to disappointing news or a sudden realisation.

Common Mistakes

His mood fell when he heard the news.
His face fell when he heard the news.
'Face falls' describes a visible expression, not an emotional state.

16. To slope downward from a higher position to a lower position, used especially of

16.verbintransitiveB1
Definition

To slope downward from a higher position to a lower position, used especially of land, paths, and terrain.

Example

The garden falls gently toward the river at the bottom of the hill.

land + falls + toward [direction]

The path falls steeply for about two hundred metres before reaching the old stone bridge.

Common collocations
  • fall toward the river/valley
  • fall away sharply/steeply
  • fall gently/gradually
Synonyms
  • slope

    neutral; 'fall' adds a sense of the natural shape of the land

  • descend

    more formal, used for roads, stairs, and paths

  • drop

    more dramatic, suggesting a sudden steep change in height

Antonyms
  • rise

    to go upward, the opposite of falling terrain

Grammar Patterns

fall + adverb/preposition

Usage Note

Often used with directional prepositions such as 'toward', 'away', 'into', and 'to'. The phrasal form 'fall away' is very common for describing ground that slopes steeply downward.

Phrasal verbs

fall about

phrasal verb

To laugh a lot about something.

The children fell about when the clown slipped.

We all fell about at his silly joke.

fall apart

phrasal verb

To break into pieces or stop working properly.

My old backpack fell apart on the hike.

After the news, she felt her life fall apart.

fall away

phrasal verb

To gradually disappear or become less.

The noise fell away as we walked deeper.

All his doubts fell away after the talk.

fall back

phrasal verb

To move backwards because of danger or attack.

The soldiers were ordered to fall back.

When the dog barked, the cat fell back.

fall back on

phrasal verb

To use something because other things have failed.

If the plan fails, we can fall back on savings.

She had no friends to fall back on.

fall behind

phrasal verb

To move slower than others or fail to keep up.

Mia fell behind during the long run.

If you miss class, you may fall behind.

fall behind with

phrasal verb

To fail to do something on time, like paying or finishing work.

He fell behind with his rent payments.

Sara fell behind with her homework.

fall down

phrasal verb

To drop to the ground from a standing position.

The toddler fell down and started crying.

A tree fell down during the storm.

fall for

phrasal verb

To be tricked into believing something false.

He fell for the fake email scam.

Don't fall for his lies again.

fall in

phrasal verb

To collapse inward or to join a line of soldiers.

The roof of the old house fell in.

The sergeant ordered the troops to fall in.

fall into

phrasal verb

To accidentally go into something, like a hole or a state.

The cat fell into the swimming pool.

She fell into a deep sleep after work.

fall in with

phrasal verb

To start spending time with a group of people.

He fell in with a bad crowd at school.

Maya fell in with the art club members.

fall off

phrasal verb

To drop from a surface or decrease in amount.

A book fell off the shelf.

Sales fell off during the winter.

fall on

phrasal verb

To attack someone suddenly or to happen on a certain date.

The soldiers fell on the enemy camp.

His birthday falls on a Sunday this year.

fall out

phrasal verb

To stop being friends because of a disagreement.

The two friends fell out over money.

Did you fall out with your brother?

fall over

phrasal verb

To lose balance and fall to the ground.

He tripped and fell over the chair.

The vase fell over and broke.

To be very eager to do something, often too quickly.

They fell over themselves to help the boss.

She fell over herself to apologize.

fall through

phrasal verb

To fail to happen or be completed.

Our plans for a trip fell through.

The deal fell through at the last minute.

fall to

phrasal verb

To start doing something with energy, or to become someone's duty.

They fell to eating the delicious meal.

It fell to me to clean up the mess.

fall upon

phrasal verb

To attack someone suddenly or to find something by chance.

The wolves fell upon the injured deer.

He fell upon an old letter in the drawer.

fall — noun

fall — adjective

Word family

Synonym discussion

Sense: verb/1

All four words describe downward movement, but each is used in different situations. 'Fall' is the most general and neutral word — anyone can fall off a bike or fall on the ice. 'Drop' usually needs an object ('she dropped the glass') or describes a shorter, more controlled movement when intransitive ('the ball dropped to the ground'). 'Tumble' suggests a rolling, awkward fall, often without serious injury ('the child tumbled down the hill'). 'Collapse' implies a structure or person giving way suddenly from weakness or a loss of support ('the old chair collapsed under his weight'). 'Slip' is the cause, not the fall itself — slipping on a wet floor leads to falling. For everyday use, 'fall' is your safest choice; 'tumble' adds vividness in storytelling; 'collapse' suits buildings, furniture, or people who faint.

Common collocations

Nouns

  • fall in prices
  • fall in temperature
  • fall of snow
  • fall of an empire
  • fall of a city
  • fall colors
  • fall season

Adverbs

  • fall sharply
  • fall steeply
  • fall gently
  • fall suddenly
  • fall dramatically
  • fall quietly

Phrases

  • have a fall
  • break a fall
  • fall from grace
  • fall from power
  • fall of night
  • ride for a fall

Prepositions

Etymology

Proto-Indo-EuropeanProto-GermanicOld EnglishMiddle EnglishEnglish

Old English feallan (strong verb: feallan, feoll, feollon, feallen), meaning 'to drop from a height, fail, decay, or die'. It comes from Proto-Germanic *fallanan and can be traced further back to the Indo-European root *pol-, meaning 'to fall'. The noun meaning 'autumn' developed in the 16th century from the phrase 'fall of the leaf', and became the standard American term for the season by the 19th century. The adjectival use (fall colors, fall semester) followed from the noun sense in American English.