again

again — adverb

1. If you do something again, you do the same action a second time, or another time

1.adverbA1
Definition

If you do something again, you do the same action a second time, or another time after the first.

Example

Dilnoza read the bedtime story to her son again before turning off the light.

verb + again: repeating an action

Could you say your phone number again? I didn't write it down.

polite request to repeat

Common collocations
  • say it again
  • try again
  • see you again
  • do it again
Synonyms
  • once more

    interchangeable but slightly more formal

  • anew

    literary; suggests a fresh start

  • another time

    stresses the repetition is on a different occasion

Grammar Patterns

verb + again

Usage Note

Usually placed at the end of the clause. Distinguish from sense 2: this sense focuses on a repeated action, not on returning to a previous place or state.

Common Mistakes

I again called my mother yesterday.
I called my mother again yesterday.
'again' goes after the verb phrase, not before it.

2. Returning to the place, position, or condition that someone or something was in

2.adverbA2
Definition

Returning to the place, position, or condition that someone or something was in before.

Example

After three weeks of fever, Grandma finally feels well again.

be + adjective + again: return to a state

Omar washed the muddy shoes until they looked white again.

Common collocations
  • well again
  • back home again
  • together again
  • open again
Synonyms
  • back

    often combined as 'back again' for emphasis

  • once more

    works when restoration is involved, e.g. 'whole once more'

Grammar Patterns

be + adjective + again

verb of motion + again

Usage Note

Often pairs with 'back' (back home again, back together again) to emphasise the return. Distinguish from sense 1: here the focus is on restoration to a previous state, not on doing an action one more time.

Common Mistakes

She is healthy again from her cold.
She is healthy again after her cold.
use 'after' to mark the end of the previous condition.

3. In the phrase 'once again', used to point out that something has now happened on

3.adverbB1
Definition

In the phrase 'once again', used to point out that something has now happened on top of several earlier times it happened.

Example

Once again, the morning train from Taipei arrived twenty minutes late.

once again at clause start: pattern continues

The team lost to their rivals once again, making it four defeats this season.

Common collocations
  • once again confirms
  • once again proved
  • once again, the team
Synonyms
  • yet again

    stronger; signals frustration at the repetition

  • as before

    more neutral; lacks the 'pattern' feel

Grammar Patterns

once again + clause

Usage Note

Almost always appears as the fixed phrase 'once again' at the start of a clause or after a comma. Carries a slight tone of 'as we have seen before'.

Common Mistakes

Once again of, the bus was late.
Once again, the bus was late.
'once again' is followed by a comma and a full clause, not a preposition.

4. Used after a bad experience in the phrase 'never again' to make clear you have d

4.adverbB1
Definition

Used after a bad experience in the phrase 'never again' to make clear you have decided not to repeat that experience.

Example

Camping in the rain for five days? Never again!

exclamation 'Never again!' after a bad experience

Una swore she would never again lend money to her cousin Daniel.

never again + bare infinitive

Common collocations
  • never again will I
  • swore never again
  • Never again!
Synonyms
  • no more

    more literary; less common in speech

Antonyms
  • always

    opposite intent: continuing rather than stopping

Grammar Patterns

never again + clause

exclamation: Never again!

Usage Note

Often stands alone as a short, emphatic exclamation reacting to something just described. When inside a sentence, 'never' goes before the verb and 'again' usually follows it.

Common Mistakes

I will not again do that.
I will never do that again.' OR 'Never again will I do that.
'never' carries the negative; don't combine 'not' with 'never again'.

5. In the phrase 'yet again', used to express irritation or surprise that an event

5.adverbB2
Definition

In the phrase 'yet again', used to express irritation or surprise that an event with a long earlier track record is repeating once more.

Example

Yet again, my brother forgot to take out the rubbish on Tuesday morning.

yet again at clause start: speaker shows annoyance

The printer has broken down yet again, and we have a deadline tomorrow.

Common collocations
  • yet again, the
  • broke down yet again
  • yet again proved
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

yet again + clause

Usage Note

Stronger than 'once again' (sense 3): 'yet again' carries clear emotion — usually frustration. Distinguish from sense 3, which is more neutral.

Common Mistakes

Yet again of, the project is delayed.
Yet again, the project is delayed.
like 'once again', this is followed by a comma plus a clause.

6. In phrases such as 'again and again' or 'time and again', used to mean that some

6.adverbB1
Definition

In phrases such as 'again and again' or 'time and again', used to mean that something is done many times in a row.

Example

The toddler watched the same cartoon again and again all afternoon.

phrase: again and again — many repetitions

Coach Wu told the players again and again to keep their eyes on the ball.

Common collocations
  • again and again
  • time and again
  • told again and again
Synonyms
Antonyms
  • once

    the opposite extreme: only one time

Grammar Patterns

again and again

time and again

Usage Note

Almost always part of a fixed pair: 'again and again' or the more literary 'time and again'. A bare 'again' on its own does not carry this 'many repetitions' meaning.

Common Mistakes

He called her again and again and.
He called her again and again.
the phrase is exactly two 'again's joined by 'and'; don't extend it.

7. In the phrase 'all over again', meaning that you go back to the very beginning o

7.adverbB2
Definition

In the phrase 'all over again', meaning that you go back to the very beginning of a task and repeat the whole thing from the start.

Example

When the laptop crashed, Sara had to type her whole essay all over again.

all over again: redo a task from scratch

After the sauce burned, the chef started cooking dinner all over again.

Common collocations
  • start all over again
  • do it all over again
  • begin all over again
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

all over again

Usage Note

'All over again' stresses that NONE of the previous work counts — every step must be done from the beginning. Distinguish from sense 1 ('again' alone), which only means 'one more time' and does not imply restarting from zero.

Common Mistakes

I have to do it over all again.
I have to do it all over again.
the word order is fixed: 'all over again'.

8. Used after expressions like 'as much', 'as many', or 'half as much' to mean an e

8.adverbC1
Definition

Used after expressions like 'as much', 'as many', or 'half as much' to mean an extra amount equal to the one already mentioned.

Example

The new house cost half as much again as the old one — about fifty percent more.

half as much again: 50% extra of the stated amount

Lin invited twenty guests, then as many again from her husband's office.

as many again: an equal extra number

Common collocations
  • as much again
  • as many again
  • half as much again
Synonyms

Grammar Patterns

as much/many again

half as much/many again

Usage Note

Only appears in fixed quantity patterns: 'as much/many again' (= 100% more) and 'half as much/many again' (= 50% more). Subject is usually a measurable amount (money, people, items).

Common Mistakes

The bill was much again.
The bill was as much again.
the pattern needs 'as' before 'much/many'.
Idioms

From time to time, but not regularly or often.

Every now and again, Grandpa takes the children fishing at the small lake.

I still hear from my old roommate now and again, usually around the holidays.

Used to ask for another serving of exactly the drink or dish you had just before.

Sara put her empty glass on the bar and said, 'Same again, please.'

The waiter pointed at our coffees and asked if we wanted the same again.

On many separate occasions; over and over.

Time and time again, the doctor warned Mr. Lin that he needed to cut down on salt.

History shows time and again that ignoring small problems leads to big ones.

Used to introduce a thought that goes against, or balances, what you have just said.

I would love to move to Tokyo. Then again, I would miss my family in Tainan.

The job pays well; then again, the hours are very long.

Something that happens sometimes, but not often or regularly.

Every now and then, Maya visits her grandmother in the countryside.

Do you still play the piano now and again?

Something that happens many times, often repeatedly.

Time after time, the experiment failed due to a simple mistake.

Brian has told us time and again not to touch his tools.

Word family

Synonym discussion

Sense: adverb/1

All four signal that an action is repeated, but the feel differs. 'Again' is the everyday neutral choice and fits any register, from a child's 'Read it again!' to a news headline. 'Once more' is slightly more formal and is the natural pick in speeches, polite requests, or dramatic moments — 'Could you say that once more, please?' 'Anew' is literary and uncommon in conversation; it suggests starting fresh with new energy, as in 'They began their journey anew', and would sound odd asking a friend to repeat a phone number. 'Another time' shifts the meaning slightly: instead of doing the same action right now, it points to a different occasion — 'Let's meet another time' means not today. Quick test: if you can swap in 'one more time' without changing the meaning, 'again' is right; if you mean a different occasion, choose 'another time'.

againonce moreanewanother time

Common collocations

Adverbs

  • never again
  • yet again
  • once again
  • ever again

Phrases

  • again and again
  • all over again
  • now and again
  • time and again
  • the same again

Etymology

Old EnglishMiddle EnglishModern English

'Again' goes back to Old English 'ongean' or 'ongegn', a compound built from 'on' (in the direction of) and 'gegn' (against, opposite, towards). The original sense was 'in the opposite direction' or 'back', which still survives in sense 2 ('back to the original place or state'). Over the Middle English period the spelling shifted toward 'again' and the meaning broadened to cover repetition in general — doing something one more time. The Old English root is shared with German 'gegen' (against) and Dutch 'tegen', which is why the early flavour of 'again' was directional rather than about repetition.